Linnik Vladimir Pavlovich [Temnov Vladimir Ivanov³ch] General data:
06.06.1889 - 09.07.1984
Place of birth: Kharkov City, Kharkiv province, Russian Empire
Studied in: St. Vladimir Imperial Kyiv University (since 1999, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University) (1909-1914);
Key interests: instruments and devices, astronomy
Biography:
He was born on June 6, 1889 in Kharkiv of Kharkiv province of Russian Empire in the family of metal turner Ivan Petrovich Temnov. But when the boy was 1.5 years old, his father died and later he was raised in the family of his uncle through his mother, having received his surname after adoption and his family name and father name.
While still in school he was interested in astronomy.
During 1909-1914 he received a physics and mathematics education at the Imperial Kyiv University of St. Vladimir, majoring in physics. He graduated from the university with a first degree. Being left at the university as a lecturer, he began to do research in the field of applied optics, which he had to get acquainted with during World War I as a mobilized physicist.
He taught at the Holgyna Girls' Gymnasium, worked in the physics laboratory of Kyiv University (an optical workshop was created there in 1915). In 1918–1923, he taught physics at the Belotserki Agricultural Technical College.
During 1923–1926 he worked at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute.
As an assistant at the M. P. Drahomanov Kyiv Higher Institute of Public Education (since 1999 Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University), independently of D. D. Maksutov, he proposed a compensation method in 1924, where the compensator was a flat convex lens.
Since 1926 he worked at the State Optical Institute in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). Since 1951 he headed the optical and technical department.
At the same time, during 1933-1941, he was a professor at Leningrad University (according to other data, he received the title of professor in 1934); Later, during 1939–1941, he worked as the head of the Department of Laboratory Optical Instruments at the Leningrad Institute of Precision Mechanics and Optics.
For some time he was part of the group headed by G.A. Shain, who went on a 7-month business trip to the USA in 1946-1947. The task of the group was to get acquainted with research and equipment in the specialty of each of the participants, as well as to purchase modern scientific equipment. But the main goal was to order a reflector with a diameter of 2 meters for the Crimean Observatory and a reflector with a diameter of 1.25 meters for the Main Astronomical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
During 1946–1968, he was a member of the Astro Council at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
During 1946-1958 (according to other sources,to 1968) he worked at the Pulkovo Observatory. His research and development began with the creation of new methods and devices for non-contact optical quality control of optical coatings, detection and measurement of their aberrations through the use of interference and diffraction. At the end of 20 years, he created devices for the study of both matter, including crystals, in the X-ray range of the spectrum, and the properties of the X-ray radiation itself. At the age of 30, the designer created an interferometric microscope. In 1933, he created two devices for surface quality control of non-contact surface treatment in industry - a microinterferometer, which allows you to measure the height of micro-irregularities to the nearest hundredths of a micrometer, and a double microscope. He later created an interference microprofilometer. These works were awarded the State Prizes in 1946 and 1950. In 1958, his devices at the World's Fair in Brussels received the first prize "Grand Prix".
In 1934 he received his doctorate.
Since 1936 he was engaged in the development of astronomical instruments. In 1946, he created an interference passage instrument that allows you to see the passage of the star through the line of sight with an accuracy of 0.001 s, a high-precision stellar interferometer with a base of 6 m on an azimuthal installation. He was chairman of the board to create a 6-meter reflector, the so-called Large Azimuth Telescope.
In 1957, the optician solved the problem of reducing image distortion in the telescope due to the inhomogeneity of the atmosphere with a folding mirror, the moving parts of which can be "subjected" to the distorted front of the world wave. The designer used his methods to create large light folding lenses for space telescopes, as well as telescopes that were planned to be placed on the moon.
In 1939 the scientist was elected a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In 1969 he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
He received 9 orders, including 5 orders of Lenin.
In 1973, the optician was awarded the S. I. Vavilov Gold Medal of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In Komarovo, a Ukrainian created a small observatory equipped with various instruments.
The scientist died on July 9, 1984 and was buried in Komarov, Russian SSR, in the city cemetery.
Scientific works concern physical and astronomical optics, in particular, X-ray optics and optical methods of crystal structure research, interference microscopy and optical testing of exact details of machines and devices, telescopes and application of interference in astronomy.
He proposed a method of controlling the purity of surface manufacturing by studying their microstructure, optical control of internal stresses. Author of many devices: in 1929 he invented a double microscope, in 1933 - an interference microscope, as well as a large interferometer.
Sources:
1 Åðåìååâà À. È. Ïÿìÿòíûå äàòû àñòðîíîìèè â 1989 ã. // Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé êàëåíäàðü. Åæåãîä. ïåðåìåí. ÷. 1, Ì.: Íàóêà, âûï. 92, 1989, Ñ.304-306
2 Ä.Ä.Ìàêñóòîâ (1896-1964)
3 Óêðà¿íñüê³ ô³çèêè òà àñòðîíîìè. Ïîñ³áíèê-äîâ³äíèê/Àâòîð-óêëàäà÷ Â. Øàðîíîâà.-Òåðíîï³ëü: ϳäðó÷íèêè ³ ïîñ³áíèêè, 2007.-304ñ.-Ñ. 91-92
4 Áîëÿòü Óêðà¿í³ ìîãèëè ¿¿ ïîêîë³íü / ³êòîð Æàäüêî. – Êè¿â, 2020. – 359 ñ. -220-221
