Ukrainian Virtual Observatory

Martynov Dmitry Yakovlevich

General data:

07.04.1906 - 22.10.1989

Place of birth: Temryuk city, the Black Sea province, the Russian Empire

Studied in: Crimean University, Simferopol сity (since 1999 V. I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Simferopol city, Ukraine) (?-?); V. I. Ulyanov-Lenin Kazan State University (з 2010 'Kazan (Volga region) Federal University') (?-1926);

Key interests: circumterrestrial space, physics of comets, astrophysics, internal structure of stars, physics of planets, variable stars, astronomy, solar corona, non-stationary stars, stellar systems

Biography:

He was born on March 25 (according to the Julian calendar, or on April 7, according to the Gregorian calendar), in 1906, in the Temryuk city of the Black Sea province (according to other sources in Kerch city of the Tavria province), the Russian Empire was in the family of a national teacher.

He studied at M. V. Frunze Crimean University in Simferopol city, where for a more in-depth study of astronomy, he moved to the V. I. Ulyanov-Lenin Kazan State University, the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of which he graduated in 1926.

The first work devoted to the observations of the eclipse of the moon was published in 1925.

In 1932 he was awarded the title of professor.

During 1931-1951 he was the director of the V. P. Engelhardt Astronomical Observatory, and then was the rector of the V. I. Ulyanov-Lenin Kazan State University.

In 1942 he defended his doctoral dissertation.

In 1954 he began to work as the head of the Department of Astronomy at the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, and during 1955-1976 (according to other data during 1956-1976) he was head of the P. K. Shternberg State Astronomical Institute. Since 1976 to 1978 he was the head of the Department of Star Astrophysics at the P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, and since 1978 to 1989 he was the head of the Department of Astrophysics at the Faculty of Physics of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University.

During 1941-1962 he was the editor-in-chief of the Astronomical Circular and the chief editor of the magazine "Earth and the Universe" since 1965 to 1988.

In 1960, 1965, and during 1970-1975 (according to other data during 1960-1975) he held the post of President of the All-Union Astronomical and Geodetic Society and during 1955-1961 he was the President of the Commission No. 5 "Documentation" of the International Astronomical Union, since 1941 (according to other data during 1942-1988) he was chairman of the Bureau of Astronomy reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences, during 1964-1976 he was chairman of the Commission on Physics, during 1977-1989 he was chairman of the Commission on Space Names of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and during 1980-1985 he was chairman of the section "Solar System" of the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1960-1989 he was Deputy Chairman of the Astronomy and Cosmonautics Section of the All-Union Society "Knowledge".

In 1945 the scientist was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the Tatar Autocracy, and in 1966 he was awarded Honored Scientist of the Russian SSR.

Since 1969 he has been a foreign member of the Royal Astronomical Society (London City).

In 1986, he received the F. A. Bredikhin Award for a set of textbooks: "The Course of Practical Astrophysics" and "Course of General Astrophysics"

He is the author біля 300 scientific articles, 7 textbooks and monographs, two inventions, in particular, the Course of General Astrophysics (1988) and the Collection of Problems in Astrophysics (1986). The main areas of scientific research: close binary systems, namely, eclipse- variables and spectral double stars, planetology and variable stars. Investigated the motion of the apse line in RU Unicorn on the basis of their own more than 40-year observations. The great achievement was the discovery by him, in conjunction with A. D. Dubyago, in 1929, the rotation of the apse line of the double RU Unicorn system. In 1950, he discovered a change in the brightness of the dual system of RH Cassiopeia, which indicate the presence of gas streams in the system. He was also interested in the internal structure of stars and stellar evolution, the physics of planets, comets, small bodies and interplanetary space.

He was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1954, three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor in 1945, 1948 and 1961, the Order of the Badge of Honor in 1975, and the Medal of the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1976 for discovering new astronomical objects. projects ", in 1978 the gold medal of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements.

He died on October 22, 1989 in Moscow City. Buried at Vostryakovskoye cemetery.

The name of the scientist is called the small planet 2376 Martynov, opened by N. S. Chernykh in 1977, and also the International Astronomical Union has appropriated its name to the crater on Mars and henceforth it is called "Martynov".

In 1937 D. Ya. Martinov found the dependence of the "spectrum" for close doubles systems and gave its evolutionary interpretation. In 1957 he expressed the idea of the possibility of mass exchange between components of close binary systems. He discovered and studied the processes of substance transfer in the tight dual system RX Cas, laying the foundations of modern ideas about the evolution of tight dual systems. He studied the physics of the effects of ellipsoidality and reflection in close doubles systems. He analyzed periodic inequalities in epochs of minima of darkened binary systems. He was one of the first in the world to study the rotation of the major semi-axes of elliptical orbits of obscured binary stars to determine the concentration of matter in the bowels of stars, which became the observational basis for modern theory of internal structure and evolution of stars.

During the directorship of D. Ya. Martynov P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University built two observation bases: the Crimean station of the P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute and the Alma-Ata Highland Expedition of the P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute.

Main publications:
  1. Мартынов Д. Я. Курс общей астрофизики, М. Наука -1988-640 с.
  2. Мартынов Д. Я., Липунов В. М. Сборник задач по астрофизике,-М. Наука 1986-125 с.
  3. Мартынов Д. Я. Курс практической астрофизики.— М.; Физматгиз., 1960.— 316 с.
  4. Мартынов Д. Я. Связь между периодом и спектром у затменных переменных, 1937

Sources:
  1 ru.wikipedia.org
  2 Казанцева Л. В., Кислюк В. С. Київське вікно у Всесвіт: Історія Київської астрономічної обсерваторії в контексті історії розвитку національної та світової науки. — Київ: Наш час, 2006.—C.186
  3 Колчинский И.Г., Корсунь А.А., Родригес М.Г. Астрономы: Биографический справочник. — 2-е изд., перераб. и доп.. — Киев: Наукова думка, 1986. — 512 с.-С.308-209
  4 Колчинский И.Г., Корсунь А.А., Родригес М.Г. Астрономы: Биографический справочник. — Киев: Наукова думка, 1977. — 416 с.-С.163