Mogilevsky Emanuel-Mendel (Eduard) Izrailovich General data:
Studied in: T. G. Shevchenko Kyiv State University (since 1999 Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University) (1941);
Key interests: astrophysics, solar physics, solar-terrestrial connections, solar telescopes
Biography:
He was born on September (October) 17, 1918.
In 1941 he graduated from the Department of Astronomy of the T. G. Shevchenko Kyiv State University (according to other sources, he graduated from the A. M. Gorky Kharkiv State University).
Since he was not drafted into the Soviet army due to his health condition, he decided to find his All Saints teacher. It cost to E.I. Mogilevsky a great deal of effort: at first he came on foot from Kyiv to Kharkiv, where the university was first evacuated and worked there at a factory, with which he was later evacuated to Volsk city; then worked in Astrakhan in the laboratory of the shipyard, which was also evacuated - to Przewalski city.
In August 1943, he found the evacuated Kyiv Observatory at the observation base of the Institute of Earth Magnetism of the Ministry of Defense, more precisely at the Vysoka Dubrava Observatory in the Kosulino Beloyarsk village of city district of the Sverdlovsk region of the USSR and began observing sunspots on a solar telescope.
Solar data from the observations initiated by scientists were quickly used for long-term and short-term forecasts of the Earth's magnetic field and ionosphere, which were 70% accurate at the time, were quickly used to establish radio communications in the military, navy, and especially during flights through the so-called ionospherically active northern zone.
After the war he continued to work at the Pushkin Institute of Earth Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, where he worked for more than 70 years.
After graduating, he founded the Heliophysical Laboratory Institute of Earth Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation together with M. V. Pushkov and for 45 years was its permanent head.
He received the title of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences in 1965.
In 1999 he was awarded the title of "Honored Scientist".
Died December 22, 2014.
The main scientific interests of astrophysics are the physics of the Sun and cosmic plasma, the author of more than 200 scientific publications, 1 monograph, editor of several books.
Under his leadership, the first photoelectric magnetograph, tower telescope and full vector magnetograph were created in Institute of Earth Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation. With his participation, the first photoelectric observations of the magnetic fields of sunspots and protuberances were performed, and 3-minute oscillations of magnetic fields in the shadow of the spot were detected.
For the first time, direct data on the structure of the magnetic fields of supergranules were obtained. Of particular importance were the unique observations of the superflash complex in August 1972. During his many years of fruitful scientific work, E. I. Mogilevsky worked at the forefront of solar research, proposed and successfully developed new pioneering ideas and approaches to solar physics. He put forward concepts about powerless fields on the Sun, the propagation of plasma clouds from the Sun with its own magnetic field, the spectrum of oscillations of various formations on the Sun as a physical passport of these objects, the filamentary structure of the magnetic field in spots, energy from subphotospheres in the process of a flash in the form of solitons and much more. He has devoted most of his decades to substantiating a synergetic approach to the study of the Sun, the development of ideas about the fractal-cluster nature of magnetized solar plasma, and the development of solar flares based on the model of self-organized criticality.
E. I. Mogilevsky is rightly considered the founder of the Izmir scientific school of solar physicists, which received, like himself, worldwide recognition. He is the supervisor of 14 graduate students and applicants, three of whom defended their doctoral dissertations. Under his influence were studies of the Sun in Irkutsk сity, Ussuri city, Alma-Ata city, Tashkent city in Azerbaijan.
Main publications:
1. Могилевский Э. И. Тонкая структура солнечной магнитоплазмы,
УФН, 1975, том 116, номер 3, С. 545–546
2. Могилевский Э. И. Структуризация вспышечно-активной области и солитонная модель первичного источника энергии и вещества в солнечных вспышках//Кинематика и физика небесных тел, 1986, Т. 2, № 2, С. 75-82
Sources:
1 Казанцева Л. В., Кислюк В. С. Київське вікно у Всесвіт: Історія Київської астрономічної обсерваторії в контексті історії розвитку національної та світової науки. — Київ: Наш час, 2006.—C.175-176
2 Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка. Кафедра астрономії та фізики космосу. Випускники
3 Астрономы России 1917-2017/ науч. ред. А.М.Черепащук, Казань, Казан. фед. ун-т, 2017.- 568с- C. 315
