Mustel Ewald Rudolfovich General data:
03.06.1911 - 10.04.1988
Place of birth: Sevastopol city, Tavriya province, Russian Empire
Studied in: Moscow State University (since 1940 M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University) (1935);
Key interests: solar physics, solar-terrestrial connections, variable stars. PhD Thesis: The problem of radiant equilibrium for the frequency-dependent absorption coefficient (1939 ); ScD Thesis: Investigation of the physical processes that occur when emitting matter with new stars and mass of new stars (1944 M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University);
Biography:
He was born on May 21 according to the Julian calendar or June 3 according to the Gregorian calendar 1911 in Sevastopol city of Tavriya Province of the Russian Empire. He came from a Russian-German family [1], which moved to Moscow City in 1913.
In 1935 he graduated from Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University.
He was a graduate student at Moscow State University in 1935-1938.
He then worked at the P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute.
In 1939 he defended his dissertation "The problem of radiant equilibrium for the frequency-dependent absorption coefficient".
During the evacuation of the P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute in Sverdlovsk city in 1941-1944, the Sun Service, headed by E. R. Mustel, was launched.
In 1944 (according to other data in 1943) he defended his doctoral dissertation at the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University "Research of physical processes that occur during the emission of matter by new stars and the mass of new stars" for the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.
He was an employee of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of the USSR during 1946-1960.
According to some sources, he was an employee of Moscow State University until 1950, inclusive, where he was awarded the title of professor in 1944.
In 1952 he became a laureate of the Stalin Prize third degree.
In 1953 he became a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Since 1960 to 1987 he was chairman of the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences and vice-president of the International Astronomical Union since 1970 to 1976.
E. R. Mustel is a laureate of the A. A. Bilopolsky Prize for a series of works on spectroscopic studies of new and supernovae and active processes in the Sun.
He was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1971, the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor in 1975.
Since 1965 he has been the editor-in-chief of the Astronomical Journal.
He died on April 10, 1988 in Moscow city. He was buried in Kuntsev Cemetery.
He studied nonstationary stars, the study of stellar atmospheres, flares of new and supernovae, as well as the theory of radiant equilibrium of stellar atmospheres. In particular, he performed a detailed study of the spectra at different stages of the new star's flare, came to two hypotheses. The first was reduced to various behavioral manipulations of the ejected shell, and the second - to the expansion and reduction of the photosphere of the star with the star.
His study of the Sun and solar-terrestrial physics.
Scientists have published 178 scientific papers.
I. M. Kopylov, E. R. Mustel and Sh. G. Gordeladze in the USSR and the couple S. I. and S. H. Gaposhkin at Harvard estimated the magnitude of the emitted mass during the flash of a new star after the attempt of V. A. Ambartsumyan and N. A. Kozyrev in 1933, who showed that it was very small, about one hundred thousand times less than the mass of the Sun. Calculations performed by different methods showed the same results.
In the late 1930s, he built a theory of the continuous spectrum of AB stars. These works became the basis of the textbook on stellar spectroscopy "Star Atmospheres", which is still the best educational. In 1951 he together with A.B. Severny studied the strong solar flare of 1949 and for the first time obtained a realistic estimate of the electron concentration in the area of radiation of hydrogen lines.
In those years, he hypothesized that the continuum of strong solar flares is due to the heating of the photosphere. In the early 1950s, he suggested the possibility of the existence of shells formed by the rake of interstellar gas under the action of the flow of matter from the surface of 0-stars. This hypothesis was a decade and a half ahead of their discovery.
In the 1950s, he concluded that there was an excess of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen (10-100 times) in the shells of new stars compared to the cosmic content of these elements. This fact has become a decisive argument in favor of the theory of thermonuclear flares on the surface of the white dwarf - now a common mechanism for flares of new stars. In 1970, together with A. A. Boyarchuk, he established that the shells of new stars have the shape of an elongated spheroid, in which the main structural components are polar caps along the major axis and the equatorial ring. This fact is now confirmed for all the new stars studied in detail and is associated with the processes that take place during the eruption of the white dwarf in the binary system.
In the 1970s he substantiated the thermal mechanism of the formation of the spectrum of type I supernovae at maximum brightness. He also first estimated its size at the time of the maximum outbreak: approx. 2 1013 m.
He studied various aspects of solar-terrestrial physics and published dozens of articles on the subject. He has published a total of 178 scientific papers.
In honor of the scientist was named asteroid (2385) Mustel, discovered in 1969 by astronomer L. I. Chernykh.
Main publications:
1. О распределении энергии в непрерывном спектре звезд N Aq 1 1918 и RS Oph / Э. Р. Мустель, А. А. Боярчук, Т. М. Барташ, // Изв. Крым. астрофиз. обс. – 1963. – Т. 30 . – С. 19 – 24.
2. Спектрофотометрическое изучение Новой Геркулеса 1960 года. I / Э. Р. Мустель, И. М. Копылов, Л. С. Галкин, Р. Н. Кумайгородская, Т. М. Барташ // Изв. Крым астрофиз. обс. – 1961. – Т. 26. – С. 181 – 216.
3. Амбарцумян В.А, Мустель Э.Р., Северный А.Б., Соболев В.В. Теоретическая астрофизика -Государственное издательство технико-теоретической литературы, 1952.
4. Мустель Э. Р. Звездные атмосферы. Москва: Государственное издательство физ. – мат. литературы, 1960. 444 с.
Sources:
1 Воспоминания о Шкловском / К.К.Чуваев
2 Шахбазян Ю. Л. Амбарцумян. Этапы жизни и научные концепции.-Москва: Молодая гвардия, 2011.-300 с.-С.201, 221
3 Левшин Л. В. Физический факультет МГУ. Исторический справочник (Персоналии).-изд. 3 переработ. и дополн. -М.: физический факультет МГУ.-2002.-С.245
4 ru.wikipedia.org
