Orlova (Aksentyeva) Zinaida Nikolaevna General data:
25.07.1900 - 08.04.1969
Place of birth: Odessa city, Kherson province, Russian Empire
Studied in: Odessa Institute of Public Education (since 2000 I. I. Mechnikov Odessa National University) (1924);
Key interests: Earth's rotation, astronomy, geophysics
Biography:
She was born 25 (according to the Gregorian calendar, or 12 according to the Julian calendar) July (according to other data August 1 (according to the Gregorian calendar or 19 according to the Julian calendar July)))1900 in Odessa city of Kherson province of the Russian Empire in the family of a fellowship of the Railway Hospital.
During 1909-1917 girl studied at the O. A. Viskovatova's gymnasium, the eighth additional pedagogical class gave her the right to be a home teacher. In 1917 he entered the mathematical department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Odessa Institute of Public Education.
Studying at the university since 1919, I began working in the Odesa Astronomical Observatory under the guidance of Orlov A. Ya. as a calculator.
In 1924 she graduated from Odessa University (in that time Odessa Institute of Public Education).
Since 1926, she worked at the Poltava gravimetric observatory, which was founded by Orlov A. Ya., who for the time being was her husband, on the territory of the abandoned estate G.Myasoyed, first as an observer, then a meteorological astronomer. and then a senior researcher, later head of the department and, in the end, she was appointed director.
During 1929-1938, together with the team of the Observatory, she was engaged in drawing up a gravimetric map of Ukraine and binding it to the gravimetric network of Europe.
During 1930-1941 she performed inclined measurements in Poltava with a horizontal pendulum of the Repsold-Levytsky system. Later, in the postwar period, she carried out scientific guidance on slope-dimensional research.
It is also preserved that during 1934-1939 she worked as a senior researcher at the actinometric and meteorological observatory at the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy and at the Moscow Hydrometeorological Institute; Head of the meteorological station of the Moscow Hydrometeorological College. And then from 1939 he returned to Poltava gravimetric observatory.
When the Great Patriotic War began, it was evacuated as part of a group of other observers to Irkutsk, where she studied tidal phenomena at Lake Baikal. Here, in the course of November 28 1941-1944, the scientist worked as deputy director of the observatory on scientific issues.
In 1943 she defended his Ph.D. thesis which is devoted to the method of data processing obtained during the mentioned 11-year observations in Poltava with the horizontal pendulum of the Repsold-Levytsky system and the interpretation of the results.
On October 1, 1944, the scientist was rewarded with the medal "For Labor Victory", and later with the Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
In 1944-1948 she was a scientific secretary of the Poltava gravimetric observatory. In 1948-1951 he was deputy director of the Poltava gravimetric observatory on the scientific part (scientific issues).
In 1947 she defended the doctoral dissertation
Since 1951 she worked as the director of the Poltava gravimetric observatory.
In 1951 she was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR.
Since 1953, the Central Bureau of the Soviet Service of the Latitude functioned in the Observatory, which operatively computed the coordinates of the pole of the Earth for practical purposes.
In 1960 she was awarded the title "Honored Scientist of the Ukrainian SSR"
Also, she was a member of the Poltava Regional Council for a while and then a deputy to the 3rd and 4th convocations of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
She died April 8, 1969 at work from a heart attack in Poltava city .
The main scientific works are devoted to the study of tidal strains of the Earth.It is on this subject that most of her 40 scientific works are devoted. She took an active part in gravimetric shooting of the territory of Ukraine. In 1953, she first identified the coordinates of the center of the earth and its poles. Under her leadership, Poltava gravimetric observatory became one of the leading scientific institutions in the USSR on the problem of studying the Earth's rotation.
In her honor, a crater on Venus was named.
Main publications:
1. Аксентьева 3. Н. Александр Яковлевич Орлов (1880 — 1954).— Тр. Полтав. Гравиметр. обсерв. АН УССР, 1958, 5, 1 — 16.
2. Аксентьева 3. Н. Гравиметрическая связь ВИМС с Полтавой // Тр. Всесоюз. НИИ метрологии и стандартизации. 1933. Вып. 3 (19)
3. Аксентьева 3. Н. Сравнение маятников Штюкрата и Штернека по работам Полтавской гравиметрической обсерватории // Изв. Всесоюз. треста основных геодезических и гравиметрических работ. 1935. Вып. 1
4. Аксентьева 3. Н. Результаты наблюдений земных приливов М2<\sup> с горизонтальными маятниками в Полтаве // Изв. АН СССР. Сер. геофизики и географии. 1940. № 4
Sources:
1 astronomers.ru
2 Колчинский И. Г., Корсунь А. А., Родригес М. Г. Астрономы: Биографический справочник. — Киев: Наук. думка, 1977.-С.8-9
3 ru.wikipedia.org
4 Одесская обсерватория
