Evdokimov[Jewdokimow] Nikolay Nikolaevich General data:
06.04.1868 - 05.04.1941
Place of birth: Kharkov City, Kharkiv province, Russian Empire
Studied in: Imperial Kharkiv University, Kharkiv province, Russian Empire (since 1999 V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv region, Ukraine) (1890);
Key interests: history of astronomy, solar physics, astrometry, stellar catalogues, astronomy, solar corona, geodesy. PhD Thesis: Determination of the parallax of the fixed stars from observations of meridian circle of the Kharkov Astronomical Observatory (1912 Imperial Kharkiv University); ScD Thesis: awarded the degree of Doctor of Science without defense of dissertation (1936 );
Biography:
He was born on March 26 (according to the Julian calendar or 6 (according to other data on April 7) according to the Gregorian calendar) in 1868 in Kharkiv City of Kharkiv province of the Russian Empire in the merchant's family.
In 1890 he graduated from the Imperial Kharkiv University with a 1st degree diploma and began working at the University Observatory, it is noted in some surviving documents that he worked there in 1911–1915.
During the years 1890-1893 he was a stewardate at the Department of Astronomy and Geodesy in preparation for the professorship. In 1893, he received a Master's degree in astronomy and geodesy. According to some data, only in 1912 he defended at the Imperial Kharkiv University a master's (candidate's) thesis "Determination of parallax of fixed stars by observations of the meridian circle of the Kharkov Astronomical Observatory". In his dissertation, the scientist identified the parallaxis of 59 stars, most of which have a large motion of their own. Boop's work has been awarded by the Russian Astronomical Society.
In May 1891, N. N. Evdokimov together with G.V. Levytskyi observed the passage of Mercury across the Sun's disk with the help of a three-inch Mertz refractor, and later they studied a total eclipse of the Moon using three- and six-inch instruments.
In the fall of 1893, N. N. Evdokimov took a position as a freelance assistant (without remuneration) at the university observatory. Under his leadership, the observer Y. Y. Sykora and the student M. Moroshkin took part in the works of the office of practical mechanics, which focused on the mechanics of precision instruments.
In 1893–1894, the main scientific work at the observatory focused on conducting observations using horizontal Reber-Paschwitz pendulums. The entire observatory community was involved in them: Professor H. V. Levytskyi, N. N. Evdokimov, Y. Y. Sykora and V. M. Derevyanko as a result of monitoring of seismic activity during the calendar year, astronomers registered 120 earthquakes of various strengths. N. N. Evdokimov together with V. M. Derevyanka continued observations with the help of Reber-Pashwitz pendulums in 1897.
In 1894 he received the title of private associate professor of the Imperial Kharkiv University.
In 1894 (according to other data in 1895), together with L. O. Struve, they began a long series of observations using the Repsold meridian circle with the aim of compiling a catalog of 800 zodiac stars. In 1903 — 1906 the astronomer also performed observations of the zodiacal stars on the same instrument.
In the summer of 1895 (in his free time from teaching), at the suggestion of General O. A. Tillo, who was in charge of leveling works at the Ministry of Communications, Kharkiv astronomers L. O. Struve and N. N. Evdokimov took part in work on connection of Kharkiv with the general network of accurate geometric leveling of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff.
During 1900-1901 pp. in order to find out the exact distance to the Sun, most astronomers of the world joined the international program to determine the parallax of the asteroid (433) Eros, which was in a favorable opposition, therefore, due to its close location to the Earth, it was convenient to use it to determine the parallax of the Sun. With the help of Repsold's large meridian circle, L.O. Struve and N. N. Evdokimov determined the positions and proper motions of the stars-rappers, relative to which the positions of the asteroid Eros were measured. As you know, during the implementation of this international program, it was first established that (433) Eros has periodic changes in brightness. The obtained data made it possible to clarify the scale of the Solar System later.
In 1901, N. N. Evdokimov observed variable double stars δ Ser and γ Aql.
Since 1905 he began teaching activities at the Department of Astronomy at Imperial Kharkiv University. He lectured on astronomy (according to some data, only in 1914-1915), probability theory and geodesy (as certain archival data indicate, he studied these two subjects in 1903–1911).
In the summer of 1904, the Imperial Kharkiv University sent N. N. Evdokimov on a scientific tour to Europe in order to familiarize himself with new instrumental innovations and modern methods of observation. During the trip, N. N. Evdokimov visited about twenty leading observatories and took part in the general meetings of the German Astronomical Society.
Since 1906 he was a member of the Trial Committee at the Office of the Curator of the Kharkiv Educational District.
In November 1896 and a year later, he together with his student M.M. Rozhansky observed the Leonid stream.
In July 1898, under the guidance of Professor L. O. Struve, astronomer-observer N. N. Evdokimov and students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics O. I. Razdolskyi and B. S. Yastrembskyi observed a partial lunar eclipse.
In August 1898, a bright stream of meteors was observed by astronomer in the Vasishchevo village of a suburb of Kharkiv city.
At the end of November 1899, N. N. Evdokimov together with a student of the Kharkiv Technological University A.I. Troitskyi Institute again observed the Leonid stream.
He participated in the general meetings of the International Astronomical Society in Vienna city in 1908 and Hamburg city in 1913.
During 1898 (according to other data since November 1897)-1914 he worked as an astronomer-observer, and in 1914 he became a professor at the department of Imperial Kharkiv University.
During 1909-1915, observations were made on the meridian circle of the slopes and direct ascents of 1407 stars near the poles. The work was performed by Struve L. A., Evdokimov N. N. and Kudrevich B. I.
He took part in the expedition to observe the total solar eclipse in Genichesk city on the Azov Sea on August 21, 1914.
During 1915-1930 he headed the Observatory and Department of Astronomy at Kharkiv University.
During 1921-1933 he was the head of the department of astronomy at the A. M. Gorky Kharkov State University, and taught at the university. According to other sources, the professor was the director of the astronomical observatory of the university in 1919-1930 (certain sources indicate 1917–1937). He also taught at the Emperor Alexander III Kharkov Technical Institute during 1901-1923 (since 1901 to 1914 he was a teacher for hire, taught a course of geodesy), at the Higher Women's Courses during 1908–1913 (he taught spherical trigonometry, was the head of the geodetic office during 1913–1914), at the New Alexandria Institute, Kharkov Institute of National Education, Kharkov Geodetic Institute during 1922-1934, Kharkov Engineering and Construction Institute during 1934-1941, where he lectured on 12 disciplines.
At the Third Congress of the All-Russian Astronomical Union in 1924, he was elected Chairman of the Presidium.
Since 1927 he was a member of the Bureau of Longitude in Leningrad city, in 1928-1933 he was chairman, and later he worked in the Temporary Bureau of the Society of Ukrainian Astronomers, where he was elected in December 1928 at the Congress of the Association of Astronomers of the RSFSR.
In February 1914, together with V. G. Fesenkov, with the help of an astrograph mounted on a six-inch refractor, N. N. Evdokimov made careful observations of the bright long-period comet DeLavan, whose rotation period is millions of years.
In 1915, together with B.P. Gerasimovich, with the help of an astrograph mounted on a six-inch refractor, he photographed Comet Melisha 1915a and a number of nebulae.
During 1918-1921 he photographed the star V603 Aql (Nova Orla 1918).
In December 1927, together with Parkhomenko P. G. and Ostashchenko-Kudryavtsev B. P. he participated in the observation of a total lunar eclipse.
In the 1930s, N. N. Evdokimov with the help of the meridian circle of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory, observed the declinations of the stars as part of the preparation of the fundamental catalog of declinations, which was completed in 1934. During 1934 — 1939 he worked on determining direct ascensions and declinations of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. In 1935-1939, N. N. Evdokimov, together with his student, the Kharkiv astrometrist V.A. Mikhailov, carried out work on the Repsold meridian circle and the Bamberg Passage Instrument on the joint determination of the inclinations of the stars by measuring the sums and differences of the zenith distances of pairs of E. Talcott stars by the method of Sanders - Raymond.
In addition, in the 1930s, together with Ostashchenko-Kudryavtsev B. P. he carried out large-scale computational work on the preparation of the Catalog of declinations of circumpolar stars, i.e. bringing the stars to the visible place (8400 observations), processing observation logs and calculating the first corrections for the Catalog of declinations of fundamental stars sight and sight of Kopf — Renz.
In 1935, a unified time service was organized under his leadership in Kharkiv city.
In 1935 he was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the Ukrainian SSR.
In 1936 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences without the dissertation.
Under the leadership of M. P. Barabashov participated in the expedition, the purpose of which was to observe the total solar eclipse in the area of the station Belorechensk Krasnodar region on June 19, 1936.
Since 1937 he was a member of the Astrometric Commission of the Astrorady of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Pulkovo.
He was a member of the German Astronomical Society.
He was a member of the editorial staff of the Bulletin of Scientific Works of Kharkov Engineering and Construction Institute.
During 1940 — 1941 he continued important work on the compilation of the Catalog of inclinations of the polar stars, using the archive of observation data obtained at the observatory in 1909-1914 pp. (about 11,000 observations), determined the positions of the planets using the meridian circle, that is, the declination of the stars for the period 1924-1927.
He died on April 5, 1941 in Kharkiv City (according to some data in 1940).
The professor is known for his work in the field of astrometry and astronomy-geodesy. Determined parallax vision and participated in the exploration of the Sun's crown.
N. N. Evdokimov observed the eclipses of Jupiter's moons, the Perseid stream, was engaged in
determination of clock corrections. He also determined the azimuth of the Myronosytsk church from the western pillar of the observatory.
In memory of him,in 1970 by decision of the International Astronomical Union his name was called the crater on the reverse side of the Moon.
Main publications:
1. Стpyвe Л. О., Евдокимов Н. Н. Наблюдения 779 зодиакальных звезд по склонению (между 1898 и 1902 гг.)
2. Стpyвe Л. О. , Евдокимов Н. Н. Определение прямых восхождений и склонений звезд сравнения для наблюдений планеты Эрос (с осени 1900 по начало 1902 г.
3. Евдокимов Н. Н. Кафедра астрономии // Физико-математический факультет Харьковского университета за первые 100 лет его существования.- Харьков, 1908.-С.227-237
4. Евдокимов Н. Н. Вспомогательные величины для вычисления зенитных расстояний и азимутов для 50 ° широты - 1893
Sources:
1 На картах Солнечной системы/ Ю. В. Александров//UNIVERSITATES. Наука и просвещение. –2003. – № 3 (15)- С.235.
2 ИСТОРИЯ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ СОЛНЦА /Л.А. Акимов, И.Л. Белкина, Н.П. Дятел, Г.П. Марченко.- с.5
3 Енциклопедія українознавства. Словникова частина (ЕУ-II). — Париж, Нью-Йорк, 1955. — Т. 1. — С. 69-78
4 Енциклопедія українознавства. Словникова частина (ЕУ-II). — Париж, Нью-Йорк, 1957. — Т. 2. — С. 649-660.
