Grave Dmitry Alexandrovich General data:
06.09.1863 - 19.12.1939
Place of birth: Kyryliv City, Novgorod province, Russian Empire (now the Vologda region, Russian Federation)
Studied in: St. Petersburg Imperial University (since 1991 St. Petersburg University ) (1885);
Key interests: celestial mechanics, physics, mathematisc, astronomy, geodesy. ScD Thesis: On partial differential equations of the first order (1889 St. Petersburg); ScD Thesis: On the main tasks of the mathematical theory of the construction of geographic maps (1897 St. Petersburg);
Biography:
He was born on August 25 according to the Julian calendar or September 6, 1863 according to the Gregorian calendar in Kirillovcity Novgorod province of the Russian Empire (now Vologda region of the Russian Federation) in the family of a county official (provincial secretary).
After his father's death in 1871, the Grave family moved to St. Petersburg, where the boy graduated from the private high school of F. F. Bychkov with a gold medal in 1881. Studying in the gymnasium, in addition to the physical and mathematical sciences, Grave showed abilities in ancient languages, he also took a great interest in music, acquired excellent violin and piano skills, and studied music theory.
In 1885 he graduated from St. Petersburg University, studying at the mathematical department for 5 years. He was a student of P. L. Chebyshev according to some sources only in the first semesters of his studies.
As a student, he was a member, and even scolded the Chairman, the student scientific society, which on his initiative began the publication of the "Notes of Physical and Mathematical Tautism of Students of St. Petersburg University". It was here that he published his first articles.
After graduation, a talented graduate was left in it to prepare for the professorship, but without a scholarship. In order to keep his mother and sisters, Grave had to give lessons and look for odd jobs ...
He was a member of the St. Petersburg Mathematical Society in 1890-1899.
In 1889 he defended his master's degree in pure mathematics by writing a dissertation "On first-order partial differential equations".
In 1889 he taught at St. Petersburg, in 1897 at Kharkov, and during 1899-1937 at theKiev Universities and at the Kharkov Institute of Technology, in 1890 at the Institute of Road Engineers, and in 1892 at the Higher Women's courses, and since 1893 worked at the Military Topographic School.
In 1897 (according to other data in 1896) in St. Petersburg he defended his doctoral dissertation "On the basic problems of mathematical theory of building geographical maps" for the degree of doctor of pure mathematics and received the title of professor.
In the spring of 1899, DA Grave, on the appointment of doctors in connection with severe rheumatism and suspected lung tuberculosis, arrived in Kharkov and began to be treated with mud at a resort in Slavyansk.
Thus, since 1899, the life and activities of the teacher-teacher have been closely linked to Kiev, where at various times he held the positions of professor of Higher Women's Courses, Commercial Institute, Kyiv University, and later Higher Institute of National Education, Physico-Chemical and Mathematical and Mining Institutes. In Kiev, Grave founded a well-known algebraic school, wrote a number of textbooks in higher mathematics.
Shortly after moving to Kiev, the mathematician lost people close to him: in 1902 his mother died, his wife died a little later, leaving behind the care of his three children. But the misfortunes did not end there: Grave got cold and became ill with pleurisy, which turned into an acute form of tuberculosis. From the fall of 1906 he was treated abroad for about a year: for a time in a sanatorium in Austria, then on the Riviera in France and in Monte Carlo. During this time he recovered his health. In Vienna, he met the daughter of a German peasant from Moravia, Maria Richter, who became his second wife.
In 1908-1914, the professor held a so-called preparatory seminar, or seminar, at the Kiev University of St. Vladimir, where more basic questions and problems in mathematics were considered, much attention was paid to group theory. In 1915, in connection with the war, St. Vladimir's University was evacuated from Kiev to Saratov. In the fall of 1916 the university returned to Kiev, but in 1918 it was closed and reopened only on March 29, 1919, and from April 23, 1919, it became officially called the Kiev University. Kiev was at the center of the brutal events of the civil war. But even in these difficult years, the Grave Workshop continued its work. In 1920 Kiev University was dissolved and on its base the Higher Institute of M. P. Drahomanov Public Education (since 1926 the educational institution became known as the Kiev Institute of National Education), as well as institutes of social education, vocational education and physical-chemical -mathematical. The events of those stormy times made adjustments to the work of the scientist.
During 1921-1933 he was the Chairman of the Commission of Applied Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR.
During 1920-1922 he delivered lectures on spherical astronomy to students of Kyiv University. After the death of R. P. Vogel in 1920, he was commissioned to temporarily head the observatory. His leadership at the Kiev Observatory was not lengthy and rather administrative.
In 1924 he became a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and a member of the Scientific Society of Shevchenko, and in 1929 was awarded the title of honorary member of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences.
During 1934-1939 he was the director of the Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR.
He was awarded the Order of Labor Red Banner.
He died on December 19, 1939 in Kyiv.
The main works are devoted to algebra, applied mathematics, mechanics, cybernetics, astronomy.
The scientist solved the problem of finding all the integrals of the system of differential equations of the problem of three bodies, which do not depend on the law of action of forces, gave a solution to the problems of cartographic projections, found some classes of equations of the fifth degree solved in radicals. He wrote 15 scientific papers on celestial mechanics.
For his outstanding contribution to the development of science, he was named one of the craters on the moon.
Main publications:
1. Граве Д. А. Теория конечных групп.— Киев: Типография Императорского Университета св. Владимира, 1908. — 204 с.
2. Граве Д. А. «Элементарный курс теории чисел» -Киев: Типография Императ орского Университета св. Владимира 1909. — 315 с.
3. Граве Д. А. «Арифметическую теорию алгебраических величин», Киев, 1910
4. Граве Д. А. Связь интегрирования в конечном виде иррациональных дифференциалов с алгебраическими единицами, 1911
Sources:
1 Казанцева Л. В., Кислюк В. С. Київське вікно у Всесвіт: Історія Київської астрономічної обсерваторії в контексті історії розвитку національної та світової науки. — Київ: Наш час, 2006.—C.151
2 mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk
3 ВИДАТНІ ВЧЕНІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ АКАДЕМІЇ НАУК УКРАЇНИ
ОСОБОВІ АРХІВНІ ТА РУКОПИСНІ ФОНДИ АКАДЕМІКІВ І ЧЛЕНІВ-КОРЕСПОНДЕНТІВ У НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ БІБЛІОТЕЦІ УКРАЇНИ Імені В.I. ВЕРНАДСКОГО (1918-1998) ПУТІВНИК-C.32-33
4 Д. А. ГРАВЕ - ОСНОВОПОЛОЖНИК РОССИЙСКОЙ АЛГЕБРАИЧЕСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ(к 150-летию со дня рождения)\ Тестов В. А. \\Математика в высшем образовании
No 11, 2013, с.129-138
