Gut Iogann-Sigismund Gottfried [Huth Johann Sigismund] General data:
02.05.1763 - 12.03.1818
Place of birth: Roslow city, Romanian Empire of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (from June 2007 to Dessau-Roslow, Saxony-Anhalt, the Federal Republic of Germany)
Studied in: The Gallic University, Halle city, the electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire of the German nation (since 1817, Martin Luther (1782-1785);
Key interests: geodynamics, physics of comets, solar physics, Earth's rotation, mathematisc, astronomy, theology, geodesy, chemistry, geophysics, meteorology. ScD Thesis: The protracted limited to pure mathematics (1787 The Gallic University, Halle city, the electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire of the German nation);
Biography:
He was born May 2, 1763, in the Roslow city, the Saxony of the Holy Roman Empire of the Germanic Nation (Since June 2007 in Dessau-Roslow city, Saxony-Anhalt, Federal Republic of Germany), in the family of the court architect.
Initial education a boyfriend received in his father's house. After graduating from the gymnasium (according to some reports, he studied at the Galberstadt School of the Cathedral during the years 1772-1782), he studied theology, mathematics and natural sciences at the University of Halle, entering into it in 1782 and finishing in 1785, where in 1787 He defended his doctoral dissertation "Duration limited by pure mathematics" ("De protrahendis matheseos purae limitibus") and obtained the degree of doctor of philosophy and liberal sciences. His teacher was a physicist and mathematician, Professor V. I. G. Karsten, but his professor is already representing his defense. H. Forster due to the death of the previous leader. Since 1788 Guth has lectured on algebra at the University of Galli and published the book "Beginning of Applied Mathematics". This work became the basis for inviting a scientist to Professor of Physics and Mathematics at the University of Frankfurt-on-Oder in Prussia, where he taught for almost 20 years.
In Frankfurt he participated in the acoustic experiments of Christian Ernst Wunscha in 1789.
In 1799 he was elected rector of the University of Frankfurt.
Consequently, by 1801 the scientist was engaged mainly in the study of applied mathematics, architecture, applied mechanics and physics, and since 1801 to 1807, he shifted the emphasis of his scientific studies toward astronomy. During this period he at his own expense acquired the latest astronomical devices and equipped the astronomical laboratory in Frankfurt-Oder, where he discovered and described four comets: December 2, 1801, two in October and November 1805, and the fourth - September 29, 1807. And for his scientific works, together with the author of the cometary theory F. Bessel was awarded the I. Voda prize.
A scientist in 1802 made a trip to England, in order to get acquainted with the most important British observatories and optics and mechanics of astronomical instruments, as well as the establishment of business scientific contacts.
As a result of the defeat of Prussia in the Napolion wars he emigrated among other scholars in the Kharkiv city. According to some reports, in 1803, the trustee of the Kharkov educational district, Count Pototsky, turned to the famous German poet Johann Wolfgang Goethe, who served as Minister of Saxen-Weimar, to help form the teaching staff of the Imperial Kharkiv University. On the recommendation of Goethe I. Guth was invited to read applied mathematics. It should be noted that according to the "table of ranks" that operated then the ordinary professor of the university became a Russian nobleman, receiving the corresponding rights and privileges.
The first professor of applied mathematics and astronomy at the Imperial Kharkov University, began to work there in 1808. He founded the astronomy office of the university. He taught astronomy 2 times a week, began astronomical observations with the help of special devices brought with him. He established the geographical coordinates of Kharkiv. He also began to make first meteorological observations in Kharkiv.
Later he worked at the Dorpat University. Honorary member of Imperial Kharkiv University.
At the end of 1809, he became the first director of the observatory in Kharkiv, and began astronomical observations with the help of special devices brought with him. At that time he worked as a professor of applied mathematics at the Kharkiv University, and his transfer to the Doppatcity became possible only in 1811 when Knorre E.K. died. He finished Knorre's construction of the Astronomical Observatory. It was here in the Dorpat city that he met his outstanding student V. Ya Struve.
While still in Kharkov, he became an ideologue and inspirer of the degree measurement, which was already carried out under the leadership of V. Ya. Struve during 1816-1852.
Hence, during 1811-1818 he worked as a professor at the Dorpat University, arriving in the city of 7 (by Julian calendar or 20 on the Gregorian calendar) in August 1811. In addition to mathematical disciplines he taught elements of higher geometry and drawing geometry. Thanks to the project of Professor Hut, meteorological observations were conducted at all high schools in the Kharkiv educational district (from Kursk to Odessa and Crimea, from Poltava and Nizhyn to the North Caucasus). Their results were sent to Kharkiv and St. Petersburg, and also published in Western Europe.
He was concerned with the shape and size of the Earth and the rotation of the globe.
Since 1812 the scientist was a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
The cause of the deteriorating state of health scientist after 1814 left the Observatory almost completely handed over her management to his student V.Ya. Struve
He died on February 28 on the Julian calendar and March 12 in the Gregorian calendar of 1818 in the Dorpat city (now the Tartu city, the Republic of Estonia).
His name is the small planet 20333 Johannhut.
In addition to his talent mathematics, physics and astronomer, he manifested himself as a theoretical architect.
It should also be noted that in 1796 a scientist in Berlin published his translation from French into German - "The treatise on some acoustic instruments" by the Swiss philosopher and mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert. He wrote a preface and two additions to this translation, where on page 109 launched two terms - the German fernsprecher and its Latin equivalent of telephon (from the Greek words "far" and "sound / voice").
The scientific interests of the scientist included nutrition related to the oscillating pendulum, the behavior of the sunspots, the motion of comets, and the definition and study of the properties of the ix, chemical and electrical processes occurring in the voltaic column, various experiments on water, acoustic research, nutrition astronomy etc. He joined the initiative of Baron Franz Xarba von Zach, an association of scholars called "Himmelspolizei", whose main task was to continuously monitor the night sky with the goal of identifying the missing planet between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, which was foretold by the law of Titius - Bode.
Main publications:
1. Ламберт «Трактат о некоторых акустических инструментах» , перевод Гута І.-С. Г. , Берлин, 1796
2. Huth Johann Sigismund Allgemeines Magazin für die bürgerliche Baukunst, Bd. 1-2. Hrsg.-Weimar 1789-1796
3. Huth Johann Sigismund Anfangsgruende der angewandten Mathematik.-Halle Hemmerde u. Schwetschke
1789 414 S., 3 Taf.
4. Huth Johann Sigismund Astrnonomische Nachrichten und Bemerkungen, physische Beobachtungen des grossen Kometen von 1811, geographische Bestimmungen etc.-1812 Astron. Jahrb. (Bode) Astr. Jahrb. für das Jahr 1815, S. 104
Sources:
1 На картах Солнечной системы/ Ю. В. Александров//UNIVERSITATES. Наука и просвещение. –2003. – № 3 (15)- С.237
2 The struve dynasty in the history of astronomy in Ukraine / T. G. Artemenko, M. A. Balyshev, I. B. Vavilova // Kinematics and Physics of Celestial.- Volume 25, Issue 3 , p 153 (2009)
3 Астрономия в Харьковском университете (к 100летию основания астрономической обсерватории университета) Александров Ю. В. //Очерки ист. естетвознан. и техн. (Киев).-1988-№34. С.57
4 Григорианский календарь
