Hambardzumyan Viktor Amazaspovich General data:
18.09.1908 - 12.08.1996
Place of birth: Tiflis ciy, Tiflis Provincia, Caucasian Viceroyalty, Russian Empire (now Tbilisi City, Republic of Georgia)
Studied in: Leningrad State University (since 1991 St. Petersburg State University) (1928); A. I. Herzen Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute (since 1991 A. I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) (1924-1926);
Key interests: astrophysics, solar physics, theoretical astrophysics, nebulae and galaxies, theoretical physics. PhD Thesis: He received a doctorate in physics and mathematics without defending his thesis. (1934 Leningrad State University);
Biography:
He was born on September 5 (according to the Julian calendar and 18 on the Gregorian calendar) 1908 in Tiflis City, Tiflis province of the Caucasian Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire (now Tbilisi City in the Republic of Georgia) in the family of the Secretary of the Council of the All-Union Associations, a lawyer, a poet and a philosopher Amazaz Asaturovich Hambardzumyan. Father also involved in teaching. Some sources indicate that the boy's birthplace was the Basarchegar village (now Vardenis village of Aragatsotn region of the Republic of Armenia).
On September 1, 1917, he entered the 3rd Tiflis Gymnasium.
There is evidence that he participated in the lessons of the group of young "world-studyists" at the Russian Society of Lovers of the World of Science, which was organized in 1921 on the initiative of V. V. Sharonov This circle, which worked in the 20's, became a real school where they got the first knowledge about the Universe of many young people who chose astronomy as their future specialty. Young people had the opportunity to conduct scientific work, using the advice of great specialists, the library, the equipment of society. The guy was one of the three most active pupils in the circle. One of his first scientific papers was an article about a short, 16-day period of sunspot rotation, which was written based on his own observations on a private portable telescope.
In 1924 he entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the A. I. Herzen Leningrad Pedagogical Institute, where he studied for 1,5 years.
In 1928, he graduated from Leningrad University in two specialties, specializing in astronomy and mathematics. Together with him in Pulkovo were sent two more graduates of the University of N. A. Kozyrev and D. I. Eropkin. He enrolled in graduate school. Performed the observation of the Sun along with Kozyrev N. A. The scientific head of all three became Academician A. A. Belopolsky.
In 1930, in conjunction with Ivanenko D. D. expressed the hypothesis of the birth of massive particles in the process of interaction, which formed the basis of modern quantum field theory.
He married Vera Fyodorovna Klochikhina, who was a niece of Shayna's wife and was raised by the wife of astronomers Shine after the death of her parents, according to some reports, officially became the adoptive daughter of Grigory Shayna, the then director of the Crimean Observatory.
Victor and Faith had two daughters and two sons.
After graduating from the postgraduate studies in 1931, he was enrolled in the staff of the Observatory as a research fellow of the 1 st level. Since 1931 he has been working as a lecturer at Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) State University. It was on his advice that after a meeting in Pulkovo in 1935, Subrachmanian Chandrasekar integrated the equation of the state of white dwarfs with an arbitrary degree of degeneration.
Since 1934, he is already a professor at the Leningrad University, where in 1935 he organized the first department of astrophysics in the USSR, which he led until 1946 and is considered the founder of the school of theoretical astrophysics in the territory of the former USSR. He taught at the University theoretical physics (for future astrophysicists) and theoretical astrophysics. Then he received a doctorate in physics and mathematics without defending his thesis.
In 1936, the only body for the coordination of works on astronomy in the USSR was created - the Astronomical Council of the Academy of Sciences, and V. A. Hambardzumyan became one of the first vice-presidents.
In January 1939 the scientist was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
During 1939-1941, the scientist worked as the Director of the Observatory of the Leningrad State University.
In early 1941 he became vice-rector of the Leningrad University for scientific work.
June 25, 1941, being mobilized in the Red Army because of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the USSR against the German fascist invaders, which was part of World War II, was private on the military airfield in the showroom of the Leningrad region, but almost immediately returned to the university for the post of vice-rector to prepare for the evacuation of the scientific composition and equipment of the university. From July 17, 1941, he was the head of the branch of the Leningrad State University in Elabuga (TatApr). Evacuated originally arrived in Kazan, but due to lack of space they were sent to Elaburg, where they lived and worked for about 2.5 years.
Since 1943 he is an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR. The scientist was elected vice-president of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR.
In 1946 he founded and headed the Biurakam Astrophysical Observatory.
In 1946 and 1950 he became the laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR. The method developed by the scientist mainly during the Great Patriotic War, the method or principle of invariant application, which has versatile applications, especially in the theory of radiation transfer, was awarded in 1946 by the Stalin Prize.
In 1947 he was appointed professor of astrophysics at Yerevan University
During 1947-1993 he was the president of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR.
Since 1953 he is an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
In 1968 and 1978 the scientist was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
In 1978 he received also the second gold medal "Sickle and Hammer".
In 1994 he received the title of National Hero of Armenia.
In 1995, the astrophysicist became the laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation for Science for outstanding work of 1936, "Statistical Methods for the Study of Stellar Systems."
He was also a Corresponding Member of the German Academy of Sciences, correspondent member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Belgian Royal Scientific Society in Liege, an honorary member of the American Astronomical Society, the Royal Astronomical Society in London. In 1960, he was awarded V. A. Hambardzumyan with the gold medal of the British Royal Astronomical Society. Also, the French Astronomical Society awarded astrophysics a medal named after Jansen, the Pacific Pacific Astronomical Society in California - the gold Katarina Brus medal.
Died August 12, 1996. A scientist was buried at the Observatory cemetery in the Bureaux.
He is the author of the cosmogonic concept of the formation of stars from the toothless bodies with an extremely high density, the so-called Burekamsk (by the name of the observatory, where the basic data confirming it were received) concept, opposed the classical concept of the formation of stars and galaxies.
Academician's scientific work relates to the field of stars and nebula physics, stellar astronomy and the dynamics of stellar systems, cosmogony of stars and galaxies.
In 1929, independently of the Cambrian mathematician Ursell began to develop the theory of quantization of space - time.
In 1933, together with N. A. Kozyrev, the mass of the newly-wrapped shell was calculated for the first time, which unexpectedly turned out to be very small, approximately one hundred thousand times less than the mass of the Sun.
In the study of non-stationary processes in the universe in the 50's of the twentieth century century, the scientist established and unequivocally proved the presence in the universe of the process of widespread formation of stars and galaxies from super-solid matter, which catastrophically explodes and decays. In this case, the substance moves from a super-dense state to a less dense.
In 1947, he, together with his disciple, Venyamin Markaryan, found that, in addition to the long-known ball and scattered clusters of stars, the Galaxy also includes highly dispersed groups of stars of a special kind.
He was able to clarify the age of our galaxy. To determine it, it was necessary precisely to find out how "calmed down" our gigantic stellar system after its formation, in what degree
there was a statistical equilibrium in the dynamics of double vision.
He calculated that the probability of collision of galaxies in the universe is less than 10-11. This meant that among the hundred billion galaxies only two could face: the event is so unlikely that the theory of collisions of galaxies proposed by Baade and Minkowski was rejected.
In the early 1950s, he came up with the idea of the origin of stars and galaxies as a result of the successive collapse of star-shaped super-bodies (associations), which he also extended to double and multiple galaxies and their clusters.
In 1960 he, together with the academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia G.S. Sahakyan, considered the theoretical possibility the existence in nature of even more dense forms of matter. It was shown that when the gas density of elementary particles becomes much higher than the density of neutron stars (about 1015 g/cm 3, that is, billions of tons in cubic centimeters), then In this gas, super-heavy elementary particles - hyperons must arise. As gas density increases, the number of emerging hyperons will exceed the total number of neutrons and protons in the gas.
Despite his overload, Victor Amazazpovich did not miss the opportunity to visit other observatories of the country. Good scientific connections were established with the astronomers of Abastumani (Georgia) and Simeiz (Crimea). Cooperation of Hambardzumyan V. A. with the Simeiz Observatory was very close and it is not for nothing that his name is among the well-known observers of the Observatory. His visits to the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory began during his student days. It is known, in particular, that here a young astronomer engaged in computational work in the department of "falling stars" under the direction of Maltsev N. S.
Main publications:
1. Àìáàðöóìÿí Â. À. Àðòóð Ýääèíãòîí.— Â êí.: Òâîðöû íàóêè î çâåçäàõ. Ë., 1930, 50 — 58.
2. Àìáàðöóìÿí Â. À. Çâåçäíûå àññîöèàöèè.— ÀÆ, 1949, 1, 3 — 9.
3. Àìáàðöóìÿí Â. À. Êàðë Øâàðöøèëüä.— Â êí.: Òâîðöû íàóêè î çâåçäàõ. Ë., 1930, 13 — 21.
4. Àìáàðöóìÿí Â. À. Ýâîëþöèÿ çâåçä è àñòðîôèçèêà. Åðåâàí, 1947.
Sources:
1 Çàõàðîâ À. Ô. ×àíäðà "Ñâåò Ëóíû". // èñòîðèêî-àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ.-Ìîñêâà: Íàóêà, 1955.-Âûïóñê 28, 2003 -Ñ.17
2 ÀÑÒÐÎÍÎÌÛ(ÏÐÅÇÅÍÒÀÖÈß)
3 Íàáëþäåíèå è ôàêò â àñòðîíîìèè / Êîë÷èíñêèé È. Ã. - Êèåâ: Íàóêîâà äóìêà, 1982.-104 ñ.-Ñ.96
4 À. Í. Äàäàåâ ÍÈÊÎËÀÉ ÀËÅÊÑÀÍÄÐÎÂÈ× ÊÎÇÛÐÅÂ. Ê 100-ËÅÒÈÞ ÑÎ ÄÍß ÐÎÆÄÅÍÈß. Ñ. 3,8
