Ukrainian Virtual Observatory

Khaikin Semyon Emmanuilovich

General data:

21.08.1901 - 30.07.1968

Place of birth: Minsk city, Minsk province, Russian Empire

Studied in: Moscow State University ( since 1940 M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University) (1928); Moscow Higher Technical School (since 1989 N. E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University) (1918-1919); Higher electrotechnical courses (Strong current) of the People's Commissariat of Transport (1918-1919);

Key interests: decameter radio astronomy, astrophysics, solar physics, physics, solar corona

Biography:

He was born 8 (on the Julian calendar or 21 on the Gregorian calendar) August 1901 in Minsk city of Minsk province of the Russian Empire in the family of teachers of Jewish origin.

In 1918 he graduated from the Minsk private real college, evacuated to Penza city because of the First World War and the Great October Socialist Revolution (such an official name of the events was in the USSR), after which he entered the Moscow Higher Technical School and the High Electrotechnical Courses ( Strong current) Traffic police.

In 1919-1924 he served in the ranks of the Red Army of USSR.

In 1928 he graduated from Moscow State University, and later worked there in 1930-1946. At start he worked as an assistant, assistant professor and later head of the departments of oscillations in 1935-1938 and general physics in 1938-1946 Physical Faculty. During 1930-1931 he was a scientist secretary, in 1931-1933 he held the position of deputy director of the Research Institute of Physics at the Moscow State University, and during 1934-1937 he was dean of the Faculty of Physics. During 1945-1954 he was the head of the laboratory of fluctuations of the Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, according to some sources, he was the head of the radio astronomy sector in this laboratory, where he worked until 1953. He began his career as an engineer first at the Leningrad Physical-Technical Laboratory (LPTL), later in the V. I. Lenin All-Russian Electrotechnical Institute in Moscow City, where he worked during 1928-1930.

Since 1934 until 1947 he read the general course of physics at the Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University.

In 1939, it was discovered the effect of overheating the solid: tin monocrystal melted from the surface, while under the experimental conditions the temperature of its interior was higher than the melting point. He also proposed a radio physics method for studying the effects of rapid changes in temperature and pressure on the resistance of the electrolyte and the values of temperature and piezoelectric strengths of the solution of silver nitrate.

In 1946 he received the title of "Honorary Radio operator of the USSR".

In 1947, he was the head of the expedition to Brazil, where for the first time in the world there was a complete eclipse of the Sun in the radio range and it was shown that the radio frequency in the meter range does not come from the solar corona.

In 1948-1949, he directed the creation of the first Soviet radio astronomy station in the Crimea.

In 1949, all radio telescopes of the Crimean expedition were prepared to study the conditions for the propagation of radio waves. Their result was the study of refraction, scattering and absorption of radio waves throughout the thickness of the earth's atmosphere in the range of wavelengths from 3 m to 3 cm. In particular, a refractive table was compiled, depending on the angle of the place and the slope. The work was highly appreciated by the Commission of the Council of Ministers and the whole group led by S. E. Khaikin was awarded the prize.

In 1953 he created a department of radio astronomy at the Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory (Main Astronomical Observatory of the USSR Academy of Sciences), whose head was until the end of his life.

He was the head of the development of phase radar and radionavigation. In 1956, under his direction, the Great Pulkovo Radio Telescope was constructed with a 120-meter mirror, consisting of 90 flat reflecting shields.

In 1953 the scientist was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

On May 20, 1947, along with B. M. Chikhachev, the radionuclide radiated by the solar corona was discovered during an attempt to determine the source of the radio emission of the Sun during a complete sunshine in Brazil, while aboard the Griboedov ship in the Bay of Bai. The initiator of the expedition was Papalexi M. D., who had not lived up to this event for three months.

In 1956 radio astronomer became the author of the principle of "antenna of variable profile" (RATAN-600). With this radio telescope in Pulkovo, strong circular polarization of the active regions of the Sun was discovered and studied, "radio-spots"; For the first time, the distribution of radioactivity on the disk of Venus has been studied; The investigations of the structures of Jupiter's powerful radiation zones, the measured coordinates of non-galactic radio sources, and found that more than 40% of bright sources in the centimeter range have quasi-star nature. He also made a significant contribution to the development of the theory of oscillations and theoretical radio engineering. Studied the nature of dry friction.

In 1965 he was awarded the A. Popov medal of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

The scientist was chairman of the Radio Astronomy Commission of the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences, was a member of the editorial board of the magazines Radiotechnics, Astronomical Journal, and others.

He died on July 30, 1968 in Leningrad city (since 1991, St. Petersburg City).

Main publications:
  1. Хайкин С. Э. Физические основы механики.-2-е издание, М., 1971
  2. Хайкин С. Э., А. Андронов, А. Витт Теория колебаний.2-е изд., перераб. и испр. — М.: Гос. изд-во физико-математич. литературы, 1959. — 918 с
  3. Хайкин С. Э. Силы инерции и невесомость, М.: Наука, Главная редакция физико-математической литературы, 1967. — 312 с.
  4. Хайкин С. Э. Физические основы механики» — М.: Физматлит, 1963 г.— 774 с.

Sources:
  1 ru.wikipedia.org
  2 Хасин Аба Ген. Часть 4//"Самиздат"
  3 Хайкин Семен//КЕЭ. Дополнение III., 2003, Кол.: 448–449.
  4 Папалекси Н. Д., С. Э. Хайкин и Б. М. Чихачев Явление радиоизлучения солнечной короны (описание открытия)