Kavrayskij Vladimir Vladimirovich General data:
22.04.1884 - 25.02.1954
Place of birth: Zherebyatnikovo village (now Ulyanyvsk region, Russian federation)
Studied in: Imperial Kharkiv University, Kharkiv province, Russian Empire (since 1999 V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv region, Ukraine) (1916);
Key interests: instruments and devices, astronomy, geodesy
Biography:
He was born 10 (according to the Julian calendar or 22 according to the Gregorian calendar) 1884 in the Zherebyatnykovo village (now Ulyanovsk region of Russian Federation). Descended from a family of Simbirsk landed nobility.
He graduated with honors Simbirsk gymnasium, then Moscow and in 1916 graduated from Imperial Kharkiv University. He taught at the Leningrad Mining Institute and then worked in TSNIIMB - VNIMI From 1921 he worked at the Naval Academy (in 1935 he received the title of professor of higher military educational institutions). At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of the USSR against Nazi Germany, which is part of World War II, V. V. Kavraisky was appointed military commander of the Pulkovo Observatory, where he led the astrometric practice trainees hydrographic Faculty Academy. It was a mandatory part of the training of navigators and specialists in technical means of navigation. In 1934 he defended his degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; according to other sources, in 1936 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Astronomy and Geodesy.
Since 1944 - Engineer Rear Admiral.
In 1949 he retired and worked until his death Professor of Cartography at Leningrad University.
For many years scientists active in the editorial board of the Marine Atlas, the Academic Council of the Pulkovo Observatory, the Soviets: Geographical and Astronomical and Geodetic Society, the Naval Academy, the University and the Leningrad Mining Institute, he was an employee of the Main Hydrographic Department.
The main scientific work related to mathematical mapping and astrometry. Engaged generalization properties of map projections, establishment of mathematical criteria of their evaluation, and development of original projections, which now bear his name card in the world and some parts of the earth's surface. Interesting it works devoted to the manufacture of globes. Developed a method for jointly identifying the time and latitude (Kavrayskiy way) to perform accurate astronomical observations at high latitudes (60 ° to 80 °). The method is based on the observation of at least two pairs of pairs of stars at equal altitudes. Introduced improvements in processing the observations of pairs of stars in the way Pevtsova on multiple threads. Studied the theory of astronomical instruments and their construction. In 1952 received the Stalin's State Prize of the USSR for two devices designed for purely practical use on ships and ships: Kavrayskiy direction finder and inclinometer Kavrayskiy, due to which navigation and astronomical definition of the place of the ship made it easier and more affordable even in low light conditions.
He died February 26, 1954 in Leningrad()now St. Peterburg.
He is author of several chapters in the collective work "Introduction to practical astronomy," was his managing editor. Published in 1956-1960 "Selected Works" Kavrayskiy 2 vols.
The name of Kavraisky is the mountains in East Antarctica, the glacier in Dzungarian Alatau and the oceanographic vessel.
Main publications:
1. Днепровский Н. И. , Каврайский В. В., Мусселиус М. М., Павлов Н. Н., Циммерман Н. В., Яшнов П. И. Введение в практическую астрономию / под ред. В.В.Каврайского. – Л. ; М. : ОНТИ НКТП, 1936. – 415 с.
2. Каврайский В. В. Избранные труды Т. 1: Астрономия и геодезия. / [под общ. ред. и со вступ. статьей проф. А. П. Ющенко]. - [Ленинград] : Изд. Упр. начальника гидрографической службы ВМФ, - 1956. - 358 с.
3. Каврайский В. В. Избранные труды Т. 2, вып. 2: Математическая картография. Вып. 2. Конические и цилиндрические проекции, их применение / [сост. Звонарев К. А., Ющенко А. П.]. / [под общ. ред. и со вступ. статьей проф. А. П. Ющенко]. - [Ленинград] : Изд. Упр. начальника гидрографической службы ВМФ, - 1959. - 456 с
4. Каврайский В. В. Избранные труды Т. 2: Математическая картография. Вып. 1. Общая теория картографических проекций / [Сост. К. Звонарев]. / [под общ. ред. и со вступ. статьей проф. А. П. Ющенко]. - [Ленинград] : Изд. Упр. начальника гидрографической службы ВМФ, - 1956-1960. - 319 с.
Sources:
1 Колчинский И. Г., Корсунь А. А., Родригес М. Г. Астрономы: Биографический справочник. — Киев: Наук. думка, 1986.—510 с.-С.137-138
2 КАВРАЙСКИЙ Владимир Владимирович//Большой энциклопедический словарь
3 uk.unionpedia.org
4 astronomers.ru
