Kulikovskii Petro Grygorovich General data:
13.06.1910 - 04.11.2003
Place of birth: Kiev, Kiev province, Russian empire
Studied in: Moscow State University ( since 1940 M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University) (1934);
Key interests: history of astronomy, astronomy. PhD Thesis: Application of the photoelectric effect in astronomy (1938 );
Biography:
He was born on May 31 (according to the Julian calendar and on June 13 by Gregorian calendar) in 1910 in the Kiev city, the Kyiv province of the Russian Empire in the family of a military doctor. Comes from an old Polish noble family. His mother was an artist, and during World War I she worked as a nurse.
His main hobbies from his youth were music and astronomy. Graduated from the M. M. Ippolitov-Ivanov Moscow music school on the piano class. But his profession was astronomy.
In 1934 he graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow University. Since that year he worked at the P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute.
On June 19, 1936, he observed a solar eclipse from the board of substratostat (at an altitude of 9500 m).
The first important scientific result is the first domestic star electrophotometer Kulikovsky and V. B. Nikonov, made in the Leningrad Astronomical Institute in 1937, was tested in 1938 by Kulikovsky at the Observatory at the Abastumans on the first domestic 13-inch reflector. This electrophotometer was 5.5 meters (more than 100 times) more sensitive than the electrophotometer of the German astronomer and designer Paul Gutnik, one of the founders of the photoelectric measurements of the glitter of variable stars, made by him in 1912.
In April 1938, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "Application of photoelectric effect in astronomy". In parallel, since the end of 1938, he was acting associate professor of the Correspondence Section of the Moscow State University, and in July 1940, he was approved as a senior lecturer in the department of stellar astronomy and astrometry, first at the mechanics and mathematics, then at the Faculty of Physics (with the transfer there Astronomical Branch of the Moscow State University) and worked in this position until 1986. He studied courses on stellar astronomy and history of native astronomy, a special course called "Double Stars". Throughout 1940, the astronomer was also a scientist secretary of the P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute.
In 1940, with similar characteristics (beam velocities) of the blue B stars, established the existence of a complex of genetically related such stars, having opened the "flow of Scorpio - Centaurus".
Since 1941 until the spring of 1943 (before returning to Moscow for evacuation), he worked in the round-the-clock duty at the newly created Sverdlovsk State Service of the P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, providing the needs of the front and rear at the exact time.
In 1950-1951 together with B.V. Kukarkin he explored the connection between the morphological characteristics of physical variables of stars with their distribution in the stellar system, which opened the way for a study of the structure and evolution, first of all, of our Galaxy. In the late 1950s, together with N.E. Kurochkin and G.A. Starikova performed positional observations of a number of binary stars using a polarization micrometer.
Among the classical methods for calculating the elements of double-stars orbits is the Kulikovsky method.
His name is related to the formation in the USSR of systematic studies on the history of astronomy. He initiated the creation of the Commission on the History of Astronomy at the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Commission N41) and during 1958-1964 he was the unchanging leader. He founded the collection "Historical and Astronomical Research" and was the editor-in-chief of the 11 issues of the collection in 1955-1972 (the publication continues to this day). On his initiative and under his scientific editorial, the most complete bibliographic indexes in the history of astronomy appeared in the USSR (compiled by N. B. Lavrov). He conducted a great pedagogical work at the Moscow University.
Since 1952 he has been an active member of the International Astronomical Union, has been working in Commission #26 (Variable Stars) and has been one of the initiators of the creation of the International Astronomical Union's International Information Bulletin on Variable Stars.
During 1977 - 1978 he worked as head of the department of stellar astronomy and astrometry. When I retired in 1986, I continued to work at home on books and articles.
Died November 4, 2003 in Moscow City. Buried at Mitinsky Cemetery.
Known as an astronomer and historian of astronomy, he explored the K-effect in the galaxy. The scientist studied variables, double, supernovae stars. In the late 30's gave the classification of supernovae stars.
He is the author of more than 170 works on astronomy and its history, as well as a number of textbooks and a well-known directory for amateur astronomers, who has stood five editions during the process of upgrading since 1947 to 2002. The author of the textbook Star Astronomy (2- ed. 1985), co-author of the manual "Practical works on stellar astronomy" (1971), author of the books "Lomonosov - astronomer and geophysicist" (2nd ed., 1961), "Pavel Karlovich Sternberg" (2nd ed., 1965) , "A Guidebook for Astronomers" (5th ed., 2002), and others. Author of articles on N. Copernicus, J. Hevelius, SN Blasgoo, articles on the history of domestic and foreign observatories (Georgian in Abastuman, Ancient Chinese, etc.). He also owns a number of musical pieces, among which the requiem of memory of the largest American astronomer O. L. Struve He has been awarded several medals, including a medal "For Labor Valor". His name is called asteroid # 2497 (1977 PZ1).
Main publications:
1. Куликовский П.Г. «Справочник любителя астрономии» / Под ред. В.Г. Сурдина. Изд. 5-е, перераб. и полн. обновл.— М.: Эдоториал УРСС, 2002. — 688 с.
2. Куликовський П. Г. Краткая хронология советской астрономии// Земля и Вселенная .-1987.-№6-С. 6-11
3. Куликовський П. Г. Павел Карлович Штернберг:1865-1920.- 2-е изд. , испр. и доп.,-М.: Наука, 1987.-125с.
4. Полак И. Ф., Щиголев Б. М., Куликовский П. Г., Орлов С. В. Как определить направление и время по солнцу и звездам.- 1941.-10с.
Sources:
1 coollib.com
2 Колчинский И. Г., Корсунь А. А., Родригес М. Г. Астрономы: Биографический справочник. — Киев: Наук. думка, 1986.—510 с.-С.175-176
3 uk.wikipedia.org
4 Петро Григорович Куликовський / Л. М. Свачій // Країна знань. - 2010. - № 7-8. - С. 56-57
