Lebedinsky Alexander Ignatievich General data:
07.01.1913 - 08.09.1967
Place of birth: Geneva city, Switzerland
Studied in: M.V. Frunze Crimean State Pedagogical Institute, Simferopol city (since 1999 V. I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Simferopol city) (1932); Leningrad State University (since 1991 St. Petersburg State Universitу ) (1935);
Key interests: astrophysics, instruments and devices, space missions, exploration of the Moon, geophysics. ScD Thesis: Convection in stellar atmospheres (1941 M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University);
Biography:
He was born on January 7, 1913 according to the Gregorian calendar (or December 26, 1912 according to the Julian calendar)in Geneva city of Switzerland (according to some data in Simferopol city of Tavriya province of the Russian Empire) in a lawyer's family, who came from the Crimean Karaites.
The family soon moved to Simferopol city.
In 1929 he graduated from the Simferopol Research School № 1 (former Simferopol Men's State Gymnasium).
In 1932 he graduated from the M. V. Frunze Crimean State Pedagogical Institute, Simferopol city.
For a short time he taught at the secondary school in Sevastopol city.
In 1935, after graduating from the Department of Astrophysics at Leningrad State University, he became an employee of the University Observatory, since 1938 he is Associate Professor, in 1939 he was appointed head of the spectroscopic laboratory of the Astronomical Observatory, since 1948 he is Professor of Astrophysics at the University. Since 1953 he was a professor at M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, where he became head of the Department of Cosmic Rays at the Faculty of Physics, and among the special courses he taught was astrophysics.
The first cycle of research by the scientist was devoted to the study of convection in atmospheres. Modes of convective energy transfer were studied, both small (transparent to radiation) and large (opaque) convective elements. Investigating turbulent convection, he introduced the concept of anisotropic turbulent viscosity. Studying the role of magnetic fields in sunspots, A. I. Lebedinsky actually foresaw some ideas of magnetic hydrodynamics.
In 1937 he defended his dissertation on the theory of thermal convection in the terrestrial and solar atmospheres.
He took part in an expedition to the tropical Capricorn in Brazil in the spring - in the first half of 1947. The spectrograph developed by him, which he used in this expedition, was a "machine with nine lenses".
Together with L. E. Gurevich, he considered various stages in the process of transforming a gas-dust cloud into a planet together with O. Schmidt's hypothesis. In his work on stellar cosmogony he expressed a number of important ideas about gravitational condensation and the dynamics of stellar systems, considered the physical processes occurring in diffuse nebulae, in particular, he studied the evaporation of dust particles in diffuse nebulae under ultraviolet radiation. He was one of the first researchers of auroras in the USSR in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
In 1941 he defended his doctoral dissertation "Convection in stellar atmospheres" at the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (according to some sources in Leningrad during the blockade).
At the time of the evacuation of Leningrad University in Saratov from the siege of Leningrad in February - March 1942, he was acting head of the Department of Astophysics. Here he, together with K. F. Ogorodnikov, P. M. Gorshkov and V. A. Dombrovsky performed a large amount of work on the study load in all astronomical specialties. They also conducted work of military significance.
In 1948-1950 he organized a number of comprehensive expeditions to the Far North to study auroras. He created original equipment for automatic continuous recording of the sky by cameras and obtaining spectra of the whole sky. Equipment of this type was used to patrol the Arctic and Antarctic skies during the International Geophysical Year (In 1957-1958 he was the chairman of the working group on auroras of the Soviet Interdepartmental Committee of the International Geophysical Year), resulting in valuable scientific material. Participated in the creation of equipment for spectrophotometric studies of planets from satellites and interplanetary automatic stations, in particular, on the first Soviet spacecraft (spacecraft) sent to Mars ("Mars-1", 1962) at his suggestion, was installed spectrophotometer to measure local variations the brightness of the planet in these bands. With the help of this equipment since 1964 on the satellites of the series "Space", automatic interplanetary stations of the series "Probe" and automatic lunar stations of the series "Moon" was obtained a large experimental material. Participated in the processing of panoramic images of the lunar surface, obtained by the automatic station "Luna-9"
He died tragically on September 8, 1967 in Moscow City(according to other sources in Simeiz city in the Crimea).
His research interests include astrophysics and geophysics.
Major works in the field of astrophysics and geophysics, space research and design of astronomical equipment. One of the pioneers of magnetohydrodynamics. Together with LE Gurevich substantiated the possibility of a dynamo effect in the solar atmosphere. He studied the problem of flares of new stars within the model of a thermal nuclear explosion of a dwarf star as a result of gravitational compression in the 1940s. He paid much attention to the issues of cosmogony. He also paid attention to the study of the evolution of galaxy shapes.
He was a member of the International Astronomical Union, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, the Aurora borealis Committee of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, and a member of the international journal Planetary and Space Science.
A crater on the Moon got name of scientist.
Main publications:
1. Лебединский А. И. Кометы. Ленинград, 1945, 55с.
2. Лебединский А. И. В мире звезд, 1946
3. Лебединский А. И. Гипотезы об образовании звезд //Вопр. космогонии. 1954. Т. 2
4. Лебединский А. И. Физические условия на Марсе // Докл. АН СССР. 1956. Т. 108, № 5
Sources:
1 ru.wikipedia.org
2 Шкловский И. С. Эшелон(невыдуманные рассказы). — М.: Изд-во «Новости», 1991. — 224 с.,- С. 51-66
3 Колчинский И.Г.,Корсунь А.А.,Родригес М.Г. Астрономы.Биографический справочник. — Киев: Наукова думка, 1986, -С. 185.
4 es.wikipedia.org
