Lysyansky Yuri Fedorovich General data:
02.08.1773 - 06.03.1837
Place of birth: Nizhyn city, Chernihiv province, Russian Empire
Studied in: Kronstadt Marine Cadet Corps, Russian Empire (since 1996 Kronstadt Marine Cadet Corps, Russian Federation) (1783-1788);
Key interests: astronomy, geodesy
Biography:
He was born on August 2,(according to other sources, 1 on the Julian calendar or 12 on the Gregorian calendar in April. according to other sources on April 2 or 3 on the Julian calendar) 1773 in Nizhyn city Chernihiv provinceof Russian Empire. Descendant of the Cossack sergeant family, son of the Nizhyn priest.
The future sailor connected his life with the sea at the age of 10, when his parents sent him to study at the Kronstadt Marine Cadet Corps.
The 15-year-old midshipman took part in the Russo-Swedish war: he was appointed an officer on the 38th cannon frigate "Podrazhislav", where he was baptized in battle with the Swedes near Gotland on July 6, 1788; served on the warships of the Russian Navy, served for six years as a volunteer in the British Navy, where he was sent with I. Kruzenstern. In the United States, during an audience with George Washington, he was offered service in the USA Navy, but he refused.
At the age of 16 he received the rank of midshipman, and at 20 he received the rank of lieutenant.
In 1797 he returned to the Russian Empire and, being promoted to the rank of lieutenant captain, was assigned to command the frigate Avroil in the Baltic Sea. In 1802, for his participation in 16 naval campaigns and two major battles, he was awarded the St. George's Cross of the IV degree.
He translated the work of the Swedish etomologist Karl Klerk on the movement of fleets and tactics of operations at sea, which served as the basis for the appointment of the head of the first scientific expedition around the world. In the first round-the-world expedition under the general leadership of Admiral I. Kruzenstern, he commanded the ship "Neva". The geographer discovered one of the Hawaiian Islands, which he named after himself (Lysyansky Island), and the islands in the Alexander archipelago. Compiled a dictionary of the Hawaiian language. He became the first person in the Russian Empire to travel around the world: his ship did not call at ports, sailors saved water and therefore ahead of Kruzenstern - two weeks earlier arrived in Kronstadt.
While on a comprehensive scientific voyage on the Neva, he and his navigator corrected the best foreign maps, compiled new ones, made astronomical observations, including on Easter Island, and kept the Diary. He described Hawaii in Ukrainian in his book A Journey Around the World, published in 1812 (published in English in 1914 and in Russian in 1947). He wrote two volumes about the journey. The Admiralty denied the author six times the publication of notes at public expense, indicating the reason: they were written in "Little Russian style, worthy of the old woman." After receiving a refusal, the traveler sold his father's Nizhyn estate and published a two-volume "Journey around the world on the ship" Neva in 1803-1806 "at his own expense, accompanied by a large atlas (" Collection of maps and drawings for the journey of Yu. Lysyasky "). The book had a circulation of 1,200 copies, and "Collection of Maps ..." had a much smaller circulation (several hundred). But the Russian reader did not appreciate the work of the Ukrainian sailor ... In 1813 the author went to London, where for 1.5 years he translated the manuscript into English, supplementing the publication with scientific information, color maps and drawings and published under the title "A Voyage round the world in the years 1803, 4, 5, & 6: performed, by order of His Imperial Majesty Alexander the First, Emperor of Russia, in the ship Neva 1814 », the public greeted with greater enthusiasm: in two weeks sold half of the circulation. A copy of the book of a Ukrainian traveler in a luxurious red saffron cover with gold trim is kept in the library of the Queen of England in London City. The collections collected by the traveler - 170 items - shells, corals, ethnographic materials and weapons became the property of the scientific community of the Russian Empire and are stored in the museums of St. Petersburg City, including Rumyantsevsky, in Moscow City. From the state for the trip Yu. Lysyansky received the rank of captain of the II rank, the Order of St. Vladimir of the III degree, a prize and a life pension.
In 1809 he rose to the rank of captain of the 1st rank and retired.
In 1820, the King of Sweden awarded the Ukrainian the "Royal Order of the Sword" for his success in navigation.
He died on February 26 and the Julian calendar (according to other sources on March 2 according to the Gregorian calendar, according to other data on February 22 according to the Julian calendar or March 6 according to the Gregorian calendar) in 1837 in St. Petersburg City and was buried in the necropolis of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra; the tombstone was installed in 1840; authors - sculptors: K. Leberecht and V. Bezrodny. A monument, sketched by the famous sailor Lysyansky, was erected on the funds raised by naval officers. There is an anchor on the monument, the face of which is carved with an epitaph composed by Yuri Fedorovich on russian language: “Traveler, do not grieve about who dropped the anchor here. He took sails with him, under which he flew into the sky".
He known as a geographer, oceanographer, founder of scientific oceanography.
Main publications:
1. Юрій Лисянський : Навколосвітня подорож на шлюпі «Нева» (1803—1806). — Київ: видавництво «Темпора», 2019.
2. Лисянський Ю. Ф. Путешествие вокруг света в 1803,4,5 и 1806 годах на корабле «Нева»/научн.редакц.,очерк, комментар. и библиогр. А. И. Алексеева. — Владивосток, Дальневосточное книжное издательство, 1977
3. Лисянский Ю.Ф. Путешествіе вокругъ свѣта въ 1803, 4, 5 и 1806 годахъ по повелѣнію его императорскаго величества Александра Перваго, на корабле Невѣ подъ начальствомъ флота капитанъ-лейтенанта, нынѣ капитана І-го ранга и кавалера Юрія Лисянскаго. Часть вторая.–СПб.: Въ типографіи Ф.Дрехслера, 1812. –336 с
4. Лисянский Ю.Ф. Путешествіе вокругъ свѣта въ 1803, 4, 5 и 1806 годахъ по повелѣнію его императорскаго величества Александра Перваго, на корабле Невѣ подъ начальствомъ флота капитанъ-лейтенанта, нынѣ капитана І-го ранга и кавалера Юрія Лисянскаго.Часть первая. –СПб.: Въ типографіи Ф.Дрехслера, 1812. –250 с
Sources:
1 ВИДАТНИЙ УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ МОРЕПЛАВЕЦЬ ПОЧАТКУ ХІХ СТОЛІТТЯ(до 240-річчявід дня народження Юрія Лисянського) /Йосип СВИНКО//Наукові записки. No2. 2013.-С. 10-15
2 Болять Україні могили її поколінь / Віктор Жадько. – Київ, 2020. – 359 с. -С. 226-227
3 uk.wikipedia.org
4 Лисянський Юрій // Українська мала енциклопедія : 16 кн. : у 8 т. / проф. Є. Онацький. — Буенос-Айрес, 1960. — Т. 4, кн. VII : Літери Ле — Ме. — С. 837
