Sharhei Alexander Hnatovich [Kondratyuk Yurii Vasilyevich] General data:
21.06.1897 - 25.02.1942
Place of birth: Poltava city, Poltava province, Russian Empire
Studied in: Petrograd Polytechnic Institute (since 2015 the Federal State Autonomous Higher Education Institution "Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University ") (1916-1916);
Key interests: instruments and devices, physics, astronomy, space missions
Biography:
He was born on 9 (on the Julian calendar or 21 on the Gregorian calendar) in June 1897 in Poltava city of Poltava province of the Russian Empire.
The mother was descended from an ancient Baron family von Schlippenbach, a descendant of a Swedish general who was captured in the Battle of Poltava by Peter I, and who had served in the Russian autocrat.
the first time I was in prison ... in my mother's womb. A teacher of French language and geography of Kyiv-Podolsk Women's Gymnasium was thrown in jail for organizing an anti-government student demonstration in Kyiv. From Lukyanivka prison her mother came out with a serious mental illness. My father, a student at St. Vladimir's University, escaped persecution for the same demonstration, studied without fail - in Germany, then in St. Petersburg.
An orphan with living parents, in Poltava was raised by his grandmother and uncle, her second husband.
He studied at the second men's gymnasium, despite the fact that the business had the title of baron. At the time of admission, he already had a high level of knowledge and was accepted immediately into third grade. According to other information, in 1903, he moved with his father to St. Petersburg, and in 1907 Alexander entered the gymnasium on Vasilevsky Island, but after his father's death in 1910 the boy returned to Poltava city.
While studying in high school, he became interested in physics and astronomy, and in his teens, he made his first drawings of his own design of a thermochemical rocket. In 1914, he invented the basic scheme of the branch, and after visiting the moon and docking the landing module with the ship-uterus.
In 1916, after graduating from the Second Poltava (according to some data Kiev) high school with a silver medal, he went from Poltava to St. Petersburg to enter the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Entered the mechanical department.
In 1916, the circle began and World War I was mobilized and underwent an accelerated training course for ensigns. On the Transcaucasian front for Kars, a space theorist becomes commander of a machine-gun platoon. He fought on the Turkish front. In the midst of the Bolshevik revolution, the civil war in March 1918, ensign Shargey was demobilized. Later in Kiev, he was mobilized for the second time into Denikin's army, but he fled. Subsequently, he settled down at a sugar factory in the town of Mala Vyska. An attempt to leave the country across the Polish border to continue education in Germany was unsuccessful.
In October 1921, in order to protect his stepson and his family from red terror, his stepmother passed him a metric from the Volyn Spiritual Consistory, named after Georgy Kondratyuk, who was born in Lutsk on September 8, 1900, and later came from Volyn to Kiev. in the college of Paul Halagan, where able young people who have no money, were preparing for admission to the university of St. Vladimir, and in 1919 he entered there at the law faculty, but he did not start classes, contracted tuberculosis and died on March 1, 1921.
He settled in Western Siberia sometime in 1927.
While still in the Ukrainian SSR, the elevator mechanic sent to Moscow his space manuscript, which received a brilliant review of Professor Vetchkin's great authority as a new, exclusive word in the world science of cosmonautics. But after two years of red tape, the state-owned publishing house refused to publish the work at public expense. He tried to give it at his own expense in the printing house of the Siberian Union, earning money as an elevator designer. He owns the project of a wooden elevator "Mastodont" in Kamen-na-Ob, built without a single nail with a capacity of 13 thousand tons, which has worked for about 50 years. During the same period he repeatedly came to Biysk where he lectured on mechanization of grain storage. But on July 30, 1930, having been unjustly accused of harm, with several other Khliboprodukt employees, after long torture on May 10, 1931, he was sentenced to three years of concentration camps, and later the term was replaced by "service" at the OGPU project office No. 14 of designing coal enterprises for the needs of the first Stalin Five-Year Plan. After learning about the competition of projects, he started his wind turbine project, becoming the winner of the competition, he was released early in April 1933. Traveling from prison to Kharkov to the Institute of Energy for drafting a working project, he visited Moscow. Here, the head of the Jet Propulsion Study Group SP Korolev, the future cradle of Soviet astronautics, suggested that the author of the acclaimed book should take the vacant post of chief theoretician, but he had to refuse, fearing that the secret of his origin would be revealed. According to the project presented by him in collaboration with PK Gorchakov and NV Nikitin in the Crimea, the construction of the first wind power plant was started on the Bedene-Kir Plateau above Yalta. From 1933 to 1934 he worked at the Institute of Promenergetics. But in 1937, construction was discontinued, the engineer was instructed to design tiny windmills for farm farms.
On July 6, 1941, in the roar of the first weeks of the Great Patriotic War, which was part of the Second World War, he went to the people's militia to volunteer to the front, where he became a simple telephonist of the 2nd Rifle Regiment of the 21st Moscow Division of the People's Militia of the Kiev region In October 1941, he served in the communications company of the 470th Infantry Regiment of the 194th Infantry Division, then commander of the division and naval platoon in the communications platoon of the 1st Battalion 1281th Infantry Regiment of the 60th Infantry Division 49- th Army of the Western Front. In the midst of the battle, he went over the telephone wire with his finger-freezing frost, and went into a snowstorm to look for a communication break. And he did not return ... According to some sources, he fought until February 25, 1942 and died near the Kryvtsovo village of Oryol region of the RSFSR, according to other sources, he died during the battle on February 23, 1942 near the Kirov city of Kaluga region; buried in a mass grave located in a pine forest, at the entrance to the settlement - 20 meters from the road Kirov - Upper Sand; there is a version that the Ukrainian scientist-inventor died in a concentration camp, and according to some sources "died peacefully" in 1952.
In the name of Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilyevich is named in the world science and the route on which the first person landed on the moon, and the crater on its opposite side, the asteroid of the Solar System No. 3084.
In his work, "Who Will Read to Build", regardless of K. E. Tsiolkovsky, the original method derived the basic equation of motion of the rocket, gave the scheme and description of a four-stage rocket on oxygen-hydrogen fuel, combustion chamber of the engine with chess and other location of the oxidizer nozzles and oxidizer , paraboloid nozzles and more. In 1938, when he presented this work for publication, he dated it in 1918-1919, although it was evident that it had been amended at different times. In 1964, it was included in the book "Pioneers of Missile Technology" edited by T. M. Melkumov, which in turn was translated into English by NASA in 1965.
Main publications:
1. Êîíäðàòþê Þ. Â. «Òåì, êòî áóäåò ÷èòàòü, ÷òîáû ñòðîèòü» (1919)
2. «Ïèîíåðû ðàêåòíîé òåõíèêè»/ ïîä ðåä. Ò. Ì. Ìåëüêóìîâà.-Ìîñêâà : Íàóêà 1964
3. "Pioneers of rocket technology" / edited by T. M. Melkumov, 1965
4. Êîíäðàòþê Þ. Â. Çàâîåâàíèå ìåæïëàíåòíûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâ.-Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1929
Sources:
1 info.wikireading.ru
2 ru.wikipedia.org
3 ogrik2.ru
4 space.hobby.ru
