Tscherny Sergey Danilovich General data:
24.01.1874 - 11.02.1956
Place of birth: Lebedine village, Kyiv province, Russian Empire
Studied in: St. Vladimir Imperial Kyiv University (since 1999, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University) (1897);
Key interests: celestial mechanics, theoretical astronomy, astrophysics, Jupiter and its satellites, Saturn and its satellites, minor bodies of the Solar System, observational astronomy, Earth's rotation, variable stars, nutation, stellar systems, popularization of astronomy. PhD Thesis: The number of possible solutions to the problem of calculating the parabolic orbits by the method of Olbers (1908 Petrograd University);
Biography:
He wos born January 24, 1874 in Lebedine village of the Kyiv province of the Russian Empire.
In 1897 he graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the St. Vladimir Imperial Kyiv University (since 1994, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University), and subsequently graduated from the Kiev Astronomical Observatory.
Since 1906 (according to some data from 1905) he worked as a private assistant professor at Kyiv University. Since 1907 he has taken part in the teaching process. He taught theoretical astronomy and celestial mechanics in the 1907/08 academic year.
In 1908 he defended his Master's dissertation "On the number of possible solutions to the problem of calculating parabolic orbits by the method of Olbers" at Petrogradsky (now St.-Petersburg) University.
During 1908-1915 he was a professor at the University of Warsaw, director of the Warsaw University Observatory, professor at the Warsaw Women's High School.
In 1915 Warsaw University moved to Rostov-on-Don. Astronomer became the first head of the Department of Astronomy at the University of Rostov.
During 1917-1922 he headed the Department of Astronomy and Geodesy of Warsaw, and then the North Caucasus State University (according to some data, he was a professor at Rostov University during 1915-1923).
During 1923-1939 he was a professor and director of the Observatory of Kyiv University (then the Institute of Public Education).According to some sources, he returned to Kyiv as director of the observatory only in 1924. Here astromomer continued to work on theoretical astronomy, in addition, he conducted regular observations on the refractor.
In 1927 together with I. G. Ilyinsky and N. A. Rudsky they founded the Ukrainian Society of World Studies in Kyiv City, which operated on the basis of the Kyiv Astronomical Observatory.
In 1933 p. he initiated the construction of a suburban observation station of the Kyiv Astronomical Observatory, but only in 1936 did the People's Commissar of the Ukrainian SSR consider it necessary to build it, and the search for a suitable plot of land began, but building never started.
He also promoted astronomy, in particular with other staff of the Kiev Observatory conducted tours.
In 1939, having received an academic pension, he moved to Kursk city.
Since February 1943 scientist worked as a professor at the Kursk State Pedagogical Institute, a researcher at the Kursk Regional Museum of Local Lore, and taught at teacher training courses.
He died February 11, 1956. He was buried in Kursk city of the Russian SSR (now the Russian Federation).
He was a member of a few scientific natural societies: the Russian Astronomical Society, the Russian Society of Science Folks, the Society of Naturalists at the University of Warsaw and the Mathematical Society at the University of Kyiv, a member of the International Astronomical Union and the French Astronomical Society, an honorary member of the Mexican Astronomical Society.
Scientific works of astronomer relate to theoretical astronomy and celestial mechanics. Developed original methods for determining the orbits of comets and planets. Fulfilled a series of observations of large planets, comets, asteroids. Developed the theory of variability β Lyra. He also studied the stability of eclipsed double stars, the free nutation of the Earth. He wrote the first textbook on astronomy in the Ukrainian language.
Main publications:
1. Черный С. Д. Геометрическое решение задачи о трех телах в двух частных случаях. Киев, 1907
2. Черный С. Д. О числе возможных решений задачи о вычислении параболических орбит по способу Ольберса. Киев, 1907
3. Черный С. Д. Парадоксальный случай при вычислении орбиты кометы 1910а по способу Гаусса. Киев, 1910
4. Черный С. Д. Три вида параболических орбит кометы 1910а. Варшава, 1910
Sources:
1 Колчинский И. Г., Корсунь А. А., Родригес М. Г. Астрономы: Биографический справочник. — Киев: Наук. думка, 1986.—510 с.-С. 367
2 Казанцева Л. В., Кислюк В. С. Київське вікно у Всесвіт: Історія Київської астрономічної обсерваторії в контексті історії розвитку національної та світової науки. — Київ: Наш час, 2006.—C.155-159, 161б 162, 166
3 Осипов О. К. Сергій Данилович Чорний // Астрономічна обсерваторія Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. 160 років / відп. ред. В. М. Єфіменко. – Київ, 2005. – 260 с.- C.82-85
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