Zbrozhek Dominic Matºy General data:
01.08.1832 - 01.07.1889
Place of birth: Sambir city, Austrian empire (now Lviv region, Ukraine)
Studied in: Lemberg Academic High School, Austrian empire (1849-1850); Lemberg Technical Academy, Austrian empire (since 2000 Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine) (1850-1853); Vienna Polytechnic Institute, Austrian Empire (since 1945 Vienna Polytechnic Institute, Republic of Austria) (1853-1854); Prague Polytechnic Institute, Czech Kingdom, (since 1992, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic) (1858-1860);
Key interests: astronomy, geodesy. PhD Thesis: Geodetic measurement of heights (1871 Prague Polytechnic Institute, Czech Kingdom);
Biography:
He was born on August 1, 1832 in Sambir city of the Austrian Empire (now Lviv region of Ukraine) in the family of an Austrian official, according to some sources, his father owned a weaving business. It originates from the Czech-Polish noble family of the Poray coat of arms. A native mother of a noble Wilk of Prussian descent. known from the time of Commonwealth.
He received his general education in the public school during 1839-1843 and the six-year "C. and the Archdiocese of Elizabeth High School in Sambir city in 1843-1849.
After graduating from High School in 1849-1850 he studied philosophy at the Academic Gymnasium in Lemberg (now Lviv), as his parents wanted their son to choose a career as a priest. But, later, he decided to continue his education at the Technical Academy in Lviv. Due to his lack of training in 1850-1851, the young man attended the annual preparatory courses at the Technical Academy. The father did not support the change of the future profession, so he spoke to help his son financially, and he was forced to simultaneously work as a teacher in the institution of Mary in Lviv city. Despite his difficulties, he successfully joined the Technical Department of the Technical Academy in 1851. The subjects taught there were practical geometry (geodesy), mathematics and physics.
Then the sophomore, on the advice of Professor I. Lemoch, goes to Vienna. In 1854 he graduated from the Vienna Polytechnic Institute in the third year, during which he listened to the lectures of Professor S. von Stampfer, one of the most famous European leveling specialists of the time. However, the difficult financial situation forces the young man to return from Vienna city to Lviv city after completing the course, to engage in private pedagogical practice and at the same time to prepare for exams at the Academy external.
In 1856 he started teaching at the cadet school at the military department in Lviv.
On the advice of Professor I. Lemoch, he decides to continue his studies and goes to Prague, where in 1858 he became a student of the Polytechnic Institute of the Czech Kingdom. Here he listens to lectures on geodesy by the Czech surveyor, cartographer and geographer, Professor K. F. Korzhistka, and from the spherical astronomy of Professor K. Jelinek. After completing his studies, in 1860–1861, the scientist took part in the leveling in Moravia and Silesia under the guidance of Professor KF Korzhistka. In 1862 he made astronomical and meteorological observations under the leadership of K. Jelinek, and in November 1864 worked as a private assistant to the professor of mathematics at the Prague Polytechnic Institute J. Libliain.
On May 1, 1867, he was appointed temporary assistant to the Department of Geodesy of the Czech and German Polytechnic Institutes of the Czech Kingdom (Polytechnic Institute of the Czech Kingdom). At the same time, the young assistant continues to improve his knowledge. During 1866-1868 he lectured on new sections of mathematics of Professor of the Polytechnic Institute of the Czech Kingdom, Heinrich Dürez, and in 1868-1869 he lectured on the astronomy K. Gornstein who was Astronomy Professor of Charles University in Prague city.
In 1869-1870 he prepared and June 12, 1871 submitted a dissertation in the Czech language on the subject "Geodetic measurement of heights" for the competition for the position of private associate professor of geodesy.
In Prague sice 1869 to 1871, he participated in the activities of the unregistered Polish Academic Youth Union, which he even headed for some time.
On July 16, 1871, she was awarded the title of Professor of the Lemberg Polytechnic Institute.
He was a member of the Krakow Academy of Sciences and Crafts and a regional politician.
He was the first head of the oldest department of geodesy and spherical astronomy in Ukraine. In 1877 he founded an observatory in the Lviv Polytechnic and was its first supervisor until 1889. He was one of the first to start research in Lviv city in the field of geodesy.
During the years 1871–1889, the faculties of road and water engineering and the construction of the Technical Academy (later the Higher Polytechnic School) in Lviv city and the professor lectured on lower geodesy and higher geodesy and practical lessons in these disciplines and situational drawing and situational drawing. In the course of lower geodesy he taught the method of least squares with probability theory, the simplest measurements on the terrain, linear measurements on the terrain, geometric, trigonometric and barometric leveling, mass shooting, tacheometric shooting, field tracing, land surveying, geodetic surveying depicting the terrain with strokes and horizontals, determining the areas on the maps, cartometry and the basics of mining surveying. Within the course of higher geodesy taught spherical (practical) astronomy, including determination of time, latitudes and longitudes and astronomical azimuths, astronomical and geodetic instrumentation, creation of plan-altitude geodetic bases of 1st and 2nd classes, triangulation of the state, cartography surveying and so on.
On February 5, 1874, with the approval of the College of Professors, he was appointed the first Librarian of the Lemberg Technical Academy.
Also a supportive member of the Brotherly Aid Society of students, founded in 1862, and as head of the department in 1877-1878 he was one of his two curators, and as a rector collaborated with his leadership.
During 1871-1879 he participated in the work of the Technical Society, and since 1877 he participated in the work of the Polytechnic Society in Lemberg city.
In 1878, on his initiative, a meteorological station was opened at the Astronomical Observatory of Lviv Polytechnic.
In 1880–1888 the Department of Geodesy and Spherical Astronomy of the Technical Academy in Lviv created the first leveling chain of Lviv, which consisted of 18 wall stamps whose heights were determined with an error of 1.2 mm per 1 km of course, the professor of the department led a straight course.
In 1888 he was elected rector of the Higher Polytechnic School in Lemberg city.
He was also an ambassador for the Galician Sejm of Sambir city and a member of the Lemberg Council.
Conducted observations of the passage (transit) of Venus city in front of the Sun disk December 6, 1882
At the beginning of 1889 he fell ill and died on July 1, 1889 in Sambir, where he was buried at the local (now old) cemetery in the Stazhkevich's tomb.
Known as an astronomer, surveyor, meteorologist, educator. Among his students were prominent scientists and engineers: professors at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Mauritius Pius Rudzki and August Victor Vitkowski, professors of the Higher Polytechnic School in Lviv Placid Zdzislaw Dzwinski, Severin Ott, Roman Dzeslewski and Marcin Szczecin, Markanzlezyn Szczecin others.
Main publications:
1. Zbrožek Dominik “Geodetické měření výšek”, Prague, 1870
2. Zbrožek Dominik“Vorträge der Geodäsie...”, Lemberg, 1872
3. Zbrožek Dominik “Teoria najmniejszych kwadratów”,1878
4. Zbrožek Dominik “Przejście Wenery przed tarczą słoneczną w r. 1882 dnia 6. grudnia” //“Dźwignia”, 1882, Nî. 11, s. 162–164
Sources:
1 DZIWIŃSKI, Placyd. Dominik Zbrożek, rektor Szkoły Politechnicznej: [íåêðîëîã] // Czasopiśmo techniczne (Ëüâ³â). — 1889. — ¹ 13. — S. 97-99
2 Îáñåðâàòîð³ÿ Ëüâ³âñüêî¿ ïîë³òåõí³êè
3 uk.wikipedia.org
4 Ïðîôåñîð Äîì³í³ê Çáðîæåê (1832-1889) – çàñíîâíèê ³ ïåðøèé êåð³âíèê àñòðîíîì³÷íî¿ îáñåðâàòî𳿠Ëüâ³âñüêî¿ ïîë³òåõí³êè/À. ÄÐÁÀË, Ê. ÐÀĪÉ, ¯. ËÅÕÍÅÐ//Ñó÷àñí³ äîñÿãíåííÿ ãåîäåçè÷íî¿ íàóêè òà âèðîáíèöòâà, âèïóñê ² (37), 2019, ñòîð.20-31
