Gor'kayj Nikolai Nikolaevich General data:
Born: 07.03.1959
Place of birth: Chelyabinsk city, Chelyabinsk region, Russian SSR
Studied in: Chelyabinsk State University (1976-1981);
Key interests: celestial mechanics, astrophysics, Jupiter and its satellites, Saturn and its satellites, cosmology, minor bodies of the Solar System, Earth's rotation, exploration of the Moon, geophysics, seismology. PhD Thesis: On the dynamics of planetary rings (1986 ); ScD Thesis: Physics of planetary rings (1990 P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University);
Biography:
He was born March 7, 1959 in Chelyabinskcity of Chelyabinsk region of the Russian SSR.
In 1976 he graduated from school №92 in Chelyabinsk. He studied in two sections of the Chelyabinsk Scientific Society of Students: in the section of chemistry under the direction of Yu. G. Zitzer and in the section of theoretical physics under the direction of Professor M. S. Svirsky. He participated in three meetings of the scientific society of students "Kurchativets" in 1975-1976.
During 1976-1981 he was a student of Chelyabinsk State University.
During 1981-1986 (with a break for military service from spring 1982 to autumn 1983) he was a graduate student of the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
He defended his dissertation "On the dynamics of planetary rings" in 1986.
He was a researcher at the Simeiz Observatory during 1986-1998.
In 1989, together with A. M. Friedman, he won the USSR State Prize for predicting a system of unknown satellites of Uranus.
In 1990 he defended his doctoral dissertation "Physics of Planetary Rings" at P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. The degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences was approved by the Higher Attestation Commission in 1991.
During 1998-2000 he was an employee of the American Academy of Sciences.
Since 2011 he has been working in the Suomi satellite group (NASA).
Now he is currently the director and senior researcher at the private Greenwich Institute for Science and Technology (GIST) in Virginia.
He is the author of more than 100 articles on astronomy, two monographs and several popular science fiction books. The main works are related to the physics of planetary rings, the formation of the Moon, binary asteroids and satellites of giant planets. A number of articles his articles were devoted to the dynamics of the zodiacal cloud and exoplanets, Chelyabinsk superbolides and cosmology. He explained the existence of planetary rings by the destruction of loose particles in a differentially rotating Kepler disk as a result of their collisions. He constructed a theory of transfer for inelastic macroparticles and discovered new collective instabilities of rings: short-wave quasi-age instability, long-wave accretion instability, responsible for large-scale stratification of Saturn's rings, and ellipse instability, which causes ellipticity of rings. In 1985, he built a resonant model of the rings of Uranus and co-authored with A. M. Friedman the presence of as yet undiscovered satellites of Uranus. These satellites were discovered by Voyager 2 in early 1986. Together with T. A. Taydakova, he built a dynamic model of Neptune's arches, consisting of chains of epicyclic vortices - "epitones". In co-authorship with T. A. Taydakova, he developed the theory of the formation of irregular satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune as a consequence of the regular capture of asteroids in certain orbiting zones. The model predicted two groups of external irregular satellites, Saturn and Neptune, which were later discovered. In collaboration with John Maser, he built models of dusty zodiacal clouds near the Sun, Beta Painter, Epsilon Eridanus and Vega, for which he received the American Academy of Sciences Award in 1998. In 2007 he created a model of the formation of the Moon and binary asteroids based on transferred speech from the central bodies in the disc by the blows of many bodies. According to Suomi, in 2013 he discovered a dust cloud from the Chelyabinsk bolide in the stratosphere. Together with A. Vasilkov, he showed that in a system with decreasing gravitational mass, a repulsive force arises that can explain, within the framework of Einstein's theory, both the Big Bang and the acceleration of the Universe.
He co-authored with other scientists the correlation between seismicity and non-uniformity of the Earth's rotation (modulus derived from the speed of rotation over time). An anticorrelation of seismic activity between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres has been found, which is related to the activity of faults at the edge of the Pacific Ocean (the so-called "ring of fire"). It was later shown that such seismic asymmetry is a typical phenomenon at the junction of three plates. The existence of the annual period in the frequency of weak earthquakes is proved and the dependence of the statistical significance of this period on the depth of the epicenter, the geographical region and other factors is studied. There is a non-uniformity (about 0.5 cm per year) of the speed of the continents, which reaches an average of several centimeters per year.
In 2014 he was awarded the Goddard Prize for outstanding scientific achievements.
In honor of N. N. Gor'kavyj asteroid 4654 which was opened by N. S. Chernykh was named Gor'kavyj.
Main publications:
1. Горькавый Н. Н., Фридман А. М. Физика планетных колец. Небесная механика сплошной среды, М: Наука, 1994, 348 с.
2. Gorkavyi, N.N., Ozernoy, L.M., Mather, J.C. & Taidakova, T.A. Quasi-Stationary States of Dust Flows Under Poynting-Robertson Drag: New Analytical And Numerical Solutions. 1997, ApJ 488, p.268-276.
3. Челябинский суперболид/редактор Н. Горькавый, А. Дудоров. Издательство ЧелГУ, 2016
4. Прокофьева В. В., Таращук В. П., Горькавый Н. Н. Спутники астероидов. Успехи физических наук. Июнь 1995, т.165, с.661-689.
Sources:
1 Астрономы России 1917-2017/ науч. ред. А.М.Черепащук, Казань, Казан. фед. ун-т, 2017.- 568с- C.118
2 wikiwand.com
