Kopilov Ivan Mikheylovich General data:
15.10.1928 - 29.07.2000
Place of birth: Uskut village, Siberian region, USSR
Studied in: A. A. Zhdanov Leningrad Order of Lenin State University (since 1991 St. Petersburg State University) (1950);
Key interests: physics of variable stars, stellar catalogues, instruments and devices, stellar evolution, non-stationary stars. PhD Thesis: Two-dimensional quantitative spectral classification of 238 stars O5-B7 and construction of the spectrum-absolute value diagram (1959 ); ScD Thesis: Physics and evolutionary characteristics of hot stars (1967 );
Biography:
He was born on October 15, 1928 in the Uskat village of Siberian Krai of the USSR (since January 26, 1943, the Kemerovo region in the present-day Russian Federation).
In 1950 he graduated from the A. A. Zhdanov Leningrad Order of Lenin State University named after .
He worked at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory during 1950-1966, where he graduated from graduate school. He was the first observer on the Zeiss-50 Telescope.
The large observed work on the 50″ telescope performed by an astronomer is devoted to the two-dimensional quantitative spectral classification of stars of spectral classes O5-F2 and the construction of a spectrum-absolute value diagram in the Morgan-Kinn system. The Observer himself obtained more than 1,200 spectrograms with a dispersion of 75Å / mm for more than 200 stars. A classification system based on the ratio of equivalent widths of absorption lines has been developed. As a result, the spectrum-absolute value diagram in the range of spectral classes O5-F2 and in the range of absolute values from +4m to -8m is constructed. The results of this work allowed to expand the number of stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, to refine in comparison with the available data on the stars at that time and to analyze in more detail the structure of the spectrum-luminosity diagram. Later, together with the staff of the observatory T. S. Belyakina and E. A. Vitrichenko quantitative spectral classification was also performed for 26 "metallic" and 23 standard stars of luminosity classes II-V in the spectral range A2-F5. It is shown that according to the material position on the spectrum-absolute value diagram there is no sharp division of stars into "metallic" and normal. It was found that the degree of "metallicity" increases with decreasing wavelength, this is due to the increase in the number and intensity of lines of neutral elements, and especially iron lines. Later, on the basis of this rich observational material, the astronomer determined microturbulent velocities in atmospheres of 68 stars in the spectral range O6-B5. As a result, it was found: turbulent velocity increases with increasing luminosity of the star; curves that express the dependence of microturbulence on the spectral class have clear maxima for different ions and different luminosities of stars on different spectral subclasses.
The next cycle of works by the scientist, performed jointly with T. S. Galkina, E. A. Vitrichenko, O. P. Dutch, devoted to the quantitative analysis of the atmospheres of 25 hot supergiants of spectral classes O9-F2, the spectra of which were obtained with a dispersion of 23Å/mm on a prism spectrograph 50 ″ telescope. The main results of these studies are as follows. The nature of the dependence of velocity microturbulence on the spectral class is studied. Two possible reasons for the existence of two maxima of this dependence are discussed, namely: the change in the depth of the convective zone and the depth of formation of spectral lines in the atmosphere. The overpopulation of the singlet level of helium relative to the triplet level in the atmospheres of the O6-A0 supergiants has been confirmed. No anomalies were found in the relative chemical composition of the atmospheres of the studied supergiants in comparison with the "standard" chemical composition of the stars and the Sun.
The scientist defended his dissertation on "Two-dimensional quantitative spectral classification of 238 stars O5-B7 and the construction of the spectrum-absolute value diagram" in 1959.
I. M. Kopylov, E. R. Mustel, and Sh. G. Gordeladze in the USSR and the spouses SI and SH Gaposhkin at Harvard estimated the amount of mass emitted during a new star flash. The first previous attempts by V. A. Ambartsumyan and N. A. Kozyrev in 1933 to solve the problem gave the following result: it was very small, about one hundred thousand times less than the mass of the Sun. Calculations performed by different methods showed the same results.
He gave the distribution of new stars in the galaxy M31 (nebula in Andromeda). They were concentrated mainly in the central part of the galaxy. He drew attention to the peculiarity of new flashes that "the lower the luminosity of the star, the slower the further decline of brightness." He also showed that the spatial distribution of planetary nebulae and new ones in the Galaxy is almost the same. However, one planetary nebula appears in the Galaxy in two years, and during this time at least a hundred new stars erupt. He put forward strong arguments in favor of the fact that explosive variables are the youngest.
Determined the spectral classes and magnitudes of stars in selected sites of the Milky Way, the absolute integral magnitudes of 300 galactic clusters, estimated the number of clusters in the Galaxy, which contain stars of spectral class O.
In 1959, together with A. A. Boyarchuk, he compiled a consolidated catalog of rotational speeds of 2,362 stars. He studied the distribution of stars by velocities, as well as the speed of rotation of different groups of peculiar stars, analyzed the dependences in terms of modern ideas about the evolution of stars.
He has performed a wide range of spectral, statistical and evolutionary studies of nonstationary stars. He considered the spatial distribution of hot stars, new and supernovae, long-period Cepheids, planetary nebulae, and determined the parameters of galactic subsystems. In 1962-1967, based on a detailed quantitative analysis of the spectra of hot stars, he determined the chemical composition of the atmospheres, physical characteristics, and gave an evolutionary interpretation of the spectrum-luminosity diagram for hot stars.
During 1966-1985 he was the director of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the USSR Academy of Sciences, during 1985-1988 he was the head of the Department of Physics and Evolution of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
He was engaged in the creation, research and application of astronomical technology for the largest Soviet telescopes.
In 1967 he defended his doctoral dissertation on "Physics and evolutionary characteristics of hot stars".
During 1988-2000 he worked at the Pulkovo (Main) Astronomical Observatory of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1991 the Main Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences).
From 1958 he was a member of the International Astronomical Union, was a member of the commissions 9, 27, 28 and 29 of the International Astronomical Union. He was a member of a number of commissions of the Astrorad of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
He died on July 29, 2000 in St. Petersburg city.
A small planet #9932 was named Kopylov in honor of I. M. Kopylov. The small planet was discovered by N. S. Chornykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.
His work was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in 1977, the Medal for Valiant Labor in 1970, the Silver Medal of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements in 1981.
In 1982 he was awarded the title of Laureate of the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
The main scientific works relate to the physics and evolution of stars, astronomical instrumentation. Author of more than 170 scientific papers.
Main publications:
1. Спектральное исследование группы новых катаклизмических апеременных из первого Бюроканского обзора на 6-м телескопе/ Копылов И. М., Липовецкий В. А., Сомов Н. Н., Сомова Т. А., Степанян Дж. А. // Астрофизика, 1988, 28, №2, С. 287-296
2. Фиолетовая область в спектре объекта CIT 6=RW LMi /Алкснис А., Зач Л., Копылов И. М., Сомов Н. Н. // Писма в Астрон. ж., 1988, 14, №9, С. 830-834
3. Спектрофотометрическое изучение Новой Геркулеса 1960 года. I / Э. Р. Мустель, И. М. Копылов, Л. С. Галкин, Р. Н. Кумайгородская, Т. М. Барташ // Изв. Крым. астрофиз. обс. – 1961. – Т. 26. – С. 181 – 216.
Sources:
1 Колчинский И. Г., Корсунь А. А., Родригес М. Г. Астрономы: Биографический справочник. — Киев: Наук. думка, 1986.—510 с.- 162-163
2 И.М.Копылов - полвека в астрофизике. М., ООО “Шанс”, 2003.- 174с.
3 Шахбазян Ю. Л. Амбарцумян. Этапы жизни и научные концепции.-Москва: Молодая гвардия, 2011.-300 с.-С.221, 222
4 Телескоп Zeiss-50 в Крыму. II/Т.М. Рачковская//Изв. Крымской Астрофиз. Обс. 109,No 2, С. 118, 118-119(2013)
