Nikolsky Gennady Mikhailovich General data:
28.09.1929 - 20.12.1982
Place of birth: Rostov city-on-Don city, Rostov region, Russian SSR
Studied in: T. G. Shevchenko Kyiv State University (since 1999 Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University) (1953);
Key interests: physics of comets, solar physics, physics of planets, instruments and devices, solar corona
Biography:
He was born on September 28, 1929 in the Rostov-on-Don city of Rostov region of the Russian SSR.
In 1953 he graduated from T. G. Shevchenko Kyiv State University in the specialty "astronomy".
During 1953-1956 he worked as a senior laboratory assistant at the Department of Astronomy of T. G. Shevchenko Kyiv State University, during 1956-1958 he was a junior researcher at the Astrophysical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, during 1958-1969 he worked as a senior researcher. Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, in 1969 he was head of the laboratory of solar activity Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation.
In 1964 he received the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and in 1971 the title of Professor.
He was a member of the International Astronomical Society.
He died on December 20, 1982.
His main research interests are the physics of the Sun and the interplanetary environment. He also studied planets and comets.. He is the author of 150 scientific publications, author and co-author of several books, developer of new astronomical instruments.
Observations of total solar eclipses in 1952-1981 provided new data on the solar corona: areas of abnormally high polarization in the corona were detected, curvature of large coronal rays (streamers) was detected along the line of sight, and dust clouds were detected in the near solar space.
In the early 1960s, together with G. S. Ivanov-Kholodny he performed an extensive study of the nature of short-wave radiation from the Sun. A new concept of generalized emission measure is introduced. It is shown that the main source of far ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is the transition zone from the chromosphere to the corona, ie those solar atmospheres in which the plasma has a temperature between chromospheric (~ 104 K) and coronal (~ 106 K).
In 1965-1966 together with A. A. Sazanov he designed the world's largest eclipse coronagraph with a lens diameter of 535 mm and a focal length of 8 m. Twelve similar instruments were made for observatories in the USSR, Hungary and Poland. He developed other instruments for observing the Sun, including a coronary magnetograph based on the Fabry-Perot interferometer.
In 1975, before the Soviet-American program of joint flight of the ships "Union" and "Apollo" (EPAS project) together with A. I. Simonov proposed the experiment "Artificial solar eclipse", in which the role of the artificial moon was performed by the ship "Apollo", moving away from the "Union" after docking to the Sun. The experiment was successfully performed on July 19, 1975; photographing the "eclipse" was conducted by cosmonaut V. M. Кубасов.
He prepared research at orbital stations. During the flight of the Salyut-7 station with the Soviet-French crew, a PSN experiment was carried out in collaboration with S. Kuchma (France). As a result of the experiment, astronaut V. A. Janibekov obtained unique color images of zodiacal light, night ionosphere and other objects. Images of zodiacal light determine the inclination of the fixed surface of the solar system relative to the surface of the ecliptic.
He was awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of the city of Troitsk, awarded the medal "For Merit".
Main publications:
1. Комета 1955 Мркос /Назарчук Г. К., Никольский Г. М.//Изд-во АН ССР, АСТР. Цирк., 1955, 161
Sources:
1 Колчинский И. Г., Корсунь А. А., Родригес М. Г. Астрономы: Биографический справочник. — Киев: Наук. думка, 1986.—510 с.-С. 228-229
2 Гуляєв Р. О. Генадій Михайлович Нікольський
// Астрономічна обсерваторія Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. 160 років / відп. ред. В. М. Єфіменко. – Київ, 2005. – 260 с.- C.167-179
3 Ефименко В.М., Иванчук В.И.«О роли Е.А.Пономарева в создании Киевской корональной школы»
4 Астрономы России 1917-2017/ науч. ред. А.М.Черепащук, Казань, Казан. фед. ун-т, 2017.- 568с- C. 337
