Parkhomenko Praskovya (Polina) Georgievna (Gregorievna) General data:
1886(1887) - 1970
Place of birth: Opishne village, Zinkiv district (according to other data Zinkiv city), Poltava province. Russian Empire
Studied in: Imperial Kharkiv University, Kharkiv province, Russian Empire (since 1999 V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv region, Ukraine) (1917); Kharkiv Higher Women′s courses, Russian Empire (1914-1918);
Key interests: solar photosphere and chromosphere, physics of comets, solar physics, minor bodies of the Solar System, variable stars, solar corona. PhD Thesis: Awarded the academic title of Candidate of Astronomical Sciences (without defense, for a set of scientific papers) (1938 A. M. Gorky Kharkiv State University);
Biography:
She was born in 1886 (according to other sources in 1887, various sources indicate different dates of her birth) in the Oposhne village of Zinkiv district (according to other sources in Zenkiv city)of Poltava province of the Russian Empire in the family of a paramedic.
Having received a sound primary education, she is trying to realize her dream - to study the stars.
In 1914 she became a student of the Physics and Mathematics Department of the Kharkiv Higher Women's Courses, graduating in 1918. According to some sources, she passed the state exams at the Imperial Kharkiv University in 1917.
Participated in the expedition of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory to observe a total solar eclipse in August 1914 in Genichesk city, which was led by the director of the observatory Professor L.O. Struve. The main task of the expedition was to obtain images of the solar corona. Using a four-inch pipe belonging to the Kharkiv Higher Women's Courses, she determined the moments of contact. In addition, she made a number of sketches of the overall appearance of the crown.
After a trip to Henichesk city, she began working at the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory as a computer scientist under the guidance of Professor L. O. Struve. She processed the meridian observations of the polar stars, as well as calculated the visible direct ascents of the stars and bring them to the middle location.
In 1926 she graduated from the research department of astronomy of the Kharkiv Institute of Public Education, where she entered in 1923. She was a graduate student of Gerasimovich B. F. At the same time she worked as a secretary at scientific meetings of the department. In January 1925, at a closed meeting of the department, it was decided to grant her a full scholarship as the best student. Among the many postgraduate students at the meetings of the Department of Astronomy were: "Planck's theory of quantum energy distribution on oscillators", "Bohr's theory", "X-ray absorption (based on the work of Kremers and others)", "On large and dwarf stars", " Eddington's theory and the coefficient "K", "Quantum theory", "On the atmospheres of stars", "On the radiation of stars and nebulae", "On nebulae (according to Menzel)", "On the interstellar mother", "Legendre polynomials", "Spherical functions "," Spherical functions and equilibrium figures", "On the rotation of the galactic system", "O. Struve's work on interstellar calcium".
According to the decision of the attestation commission at the Department of Astronomy of the Kharkiv Institute of Public Education, on December 15, 1927, he was transferred to the position of a researcher.
In December 1927, together with N. N. Evdokimov and B. P. Ostashchenko-Kudryavtsev, she took part in the observation of a total lunar eclipse. It is using 82 mm. refractor captures the moments of the phases, the passage of the shadow past the crater and the coverage of vision.
Since May 1928, for several months, she was an intern at the Pulkovo Observatory, observing the Sun.
In June 1929, the astronomer went on a business trip to the Crimea for the whole summer to work in the department of small planets of the Simeiz Observatory. The main result of this scientific trip was the discovery in August 1929 of a small asteroid of the main belt - ¹ 1129, which was named "Neuimina". She also discovered a small planet there ¹ 1166, which was named "Shakuntala".
In the early 30's of XX century systematically conducts observations and photometry of variable stars using a Zellner photometer, devoting a lot of time to the stars RZ Cassiopeiae and AR Lacertae; photographs the Sugnus region using a Mertz refractor with a 120-millimeter astrotriplet; observes the Sun with the Mertz refractor and photographs it using the Zeiss refractor. At the same time, together with Savron MS, for several months she carefully focused the 160-millimeter photographic lens of the Zeiss refractor, which the Kharkiv Observatory received in the summer of 1931, using multi-colored filters. However, he continues to speak at scientific meetings at the observatory with theoretical questions on the following topics: "Structure of sunspots", "Physical conditions in gas nebulae", "On the structure of gas nebulae", "On the spectra of stars".
In January 1934, the astronomer, among a large delegation of Kharkiv astronomers, took part in the First All-Union Astronomical and Geodetic Congress in Moscow City.
In March 1934, the junior researcher was dismissed from the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory "as an ideologically hostile element ..." by order ¹ 20 of the rector of Kharkiv State University Ya. S. Bludova, dated March 17, 1934.
A year later, at the request of Gerasimovich B. P. returned to the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory as a part-time worker. Her main place of work was the Ukrainian Central Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, where she, in particular, dealt with the impact of light reflection on the lighting of workplaces, calculations of natural light and its enhancement in buildings, the correct location of workplaces relative to long light.
In 1936 she took part in observing a total solar eclipse on June 19, 1936, known as the "Great Soviet Eclipse", although her name was not included in the official list of members of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory's expedition to the North Caucasus in the Bilorichensk village.
At the end of July 1936, the administration of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory made an unexpected decision: to entrust P.G. Parkhomenko conducting systematic daily photography of the Sun.
In 1938, the astronomer was awarded the academic title of Candidate of Astronomical Sciences (without defense, for a set of scientific papers). Since 1935, she has struggled for many years to defend her PhD "On the Solar Atmosphere" and later her doctoral dissertation entitled "Optical Method for the Study of the Solar Atmosphere", which should to be defended at the P.K. Stenberg State Astronomical Institute.
In 1939, the astronomer moved to the Crimea and got a job at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Simeiz, where he officially worked until the late 1940s.
In the late 1960s, when she was no longer able to take care of herself, with her consent she was placed in a nursing home in Alushta city, where her life ended in 1970.
Her name is associated with the formation of solar subjects in the research of the observatory of Kharkiv University. She is known for her theoretical work on the transfer of radiation in the solar atmosphere, has done important work to find the absorption coefficients of the solar atmosphere in different wavelengths. She published 22 works in Kharkiv City.
The small planet 1857 Parchomenko, discovered in August 1971 in the Crimea, is named after her
astrophysical observatory by T.M Smyrnova who researcher of asteroids.
Main publications:
1. Parchomenko P. Eine von den Möglichen Interpretationen der inneren Bewegung in den Spiralnebeln. Astronomische Nachrichten. 1924. Vol. 222. No 5326. S. 369—376
2. Parchomenko P. Bemerkung zur Eddington′schen Theorie. Ðóññêèé àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé æóðíàë. 1926. Ò. 3. Âûï. 3—4. Ñ. 315—318
3. Parchomenko P. Uber das Strahlungsgleichgewicht der oberen Schichten der Sonne. Astronomische Nachrichten. 1926. Vol. 227. No 5443. S. 305—315
4. Parchomenko P. Einige Bemerkungen über die Sonnenstrahlung. Astronomische Nachrichten. 1927. Vol. 230. No 5501. S. 91—96
Sources:
1 st.free-lance.ru
2 ÈÑÒÎÐÈß È ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒÛ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÉ ÑÎËÍÖÀ, Ë.À. Àêèìîâ, È.Ë. Áåëêèíà, Í.Ï. Äÿòåë, Ã.Ï. Ìàð÷åíêî.- ñ 1
3 Èìåíà õàðüêîâ÷àí âî Âñåëåííîé. Àñòåðîèäû, êðàòåðû íà ïëàíåòàõ
4 Êë³ì³øèí ². À. ²ñòîð³ÿ Àñòðîíî쳿.- ²âàíî-Ôðàíê³âñüê: ²ÔÒËIJ, 2009,-Ñ. 629
