Tsynher Nikolay Yakovlevich General data:
01.05.1842 - 16.10.1918
Place of birth: Moscow City, Moscow Province, Russian Empire
Studied in: Michailovcky Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (since 2015 Mikhailovsky Order of Zhukov Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) (1862);
Key interests: astronomy, geodesy
Biography:
He was born April 19 (according to the Julian calendar, or May 1 according to the Gregorian calendar) 1842 in Moscow City of Moscow Province of Russian Empire.
He was educated at the 1st Moscow Cadet Corps. June 16, 1860 began serving in the 1st battalion Grenadier Rifle.
In 1863 he graduated from the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy.
During the 1863-1866 tutor of mathematics at the 1st Moscow Cadet Corps. October 31, 1863 transferred to the Life Guards 2nd Artillery Brigade, and a year, to 1866 served in the lightweight artillery brigade, which in 1865 became adjutant of Staff Brigadier 7th Equestrian artillery brigade. On October 17, 1866 on the 1870th he geodetic department of Mykolayiv General Staff Academy and Pulkovo Observatory. During an internship at Pulkovo conducted a study "On the personal errors in astronomical observations." November 28th, 1870 The case transferred to the category of military surveyors Surveyors. Since 1870 to 1872 was at the Military topographical department of the Main Directorate General Staff, which was sent to survey leveling and Baltic railway. In 1870 he graduated from the Academy of General Staff. In During 1872 - 1883 he worked as an associate astronomer at the Nikolaev Main Astronomical Observatory (in Pulkovo Observatory).
From 1884 he became professor of practical astronomy and geodesy Higher Academy of the General Staff and professor of the Nikolaev Marine Academy.
He developed a method of determining the time at altitudes stars (Notes of the Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1874). In 1875 he participated difference determining longitude Warsaw and Pulkovo. We perform research on gravity, "Observations on the tilting rotary pendulum Russian academic appliance", "Observation of gravity on the oceans and their importance to the question of the shape of the Earth", "The new way of arc measurements and observations of gravity based on the hypothesis isostatic structure of the crust ". Finished interesting research in mathematical cartography - "On the ellipsoidal Earth surface images on the ball with preservation areas or similarity of infinitesimal figures" and others. 15 October 1883 hecertified Corps military surveyors and transferred to the Nikolaev General Staff Academy, where he remained until 1905.
In 1885 he promoted to major general, and in 1896 he was promoted to lieutenant general. Exempted from military service April 24, 1905.
Since 1899 he was a doctor of astronomy at Imperial Kazan University.
During 1905 - 1917 he was chairman of the Department of Mathematical Geography Russian Geographical Society and for the 1914-1915 Chairman of the Russian Astronomical Society.
In 1874 he proposed a method of determining the amendments clock observations of two stars at equal heights. This method is called "method of Tsynher's couples". Since 1926 Astronomical Institute in Leningrad city(now St. Petersburg City) published "Tsynher's Ephemeris pairs" for the practical application of this method.
Scientist gave attention great attention to studying various types of personal errors during the astronomical observations. He spent a great teaching career, has done much to spread in Imperial geodetic and astronomical knowledge. He has published more than 30 scientific papers.
In 1900 he got title of corresponding member of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1872 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne 3rd degree and in 1902 the 1st degree in 1878 and in 1901 he gave the Order of St. Stanislaus, respectively, the 2nd and 1st degree. In 1880 received the Order of St. Vladimir 4-th degree and in 1888 for retirement 25 years in teaching positions he gave 3rd degree, and in 1903 received the award for 40 years of impeccable service.
October 16, 1918 in Petrograd (now - St. Petersburg) scientist died.
He was a specialist in lower and higher geodesy, practical and theoretical astronomy, cartography and theory of errors.
Tsynhera name called ridge in Svalbard and Cape Bolshevik island in the archipelago Severnaya Zemlya and crater on the Moon.
Main publications:
1. Цингер Н. Я. «Об определении времени по соответствующим высотам различных звезд» .-Санкт-Петербург,1874
2. Цингер Н. Я.«Курс высшей геодезии» (1898)
3. Цингер Н. Я. «Курс астрономии. (Часть теоретическая)» .-2-е изд. под ред. Бялокоза Е. Л., Сергиевского Д. Д., Ахматова В. В. - Главное гидрографическое управление.-"Центроград" 1922.- 456 с.
4. Цингер Н. Я. «Курс астрономии. (Часть теоретическая)» Санкт-Петербург: Издано при содействии Николаевской Академии Генерального Штаба, Военная Типография (СПб)1899.-Х, 360 с.
Sources:
1 calend.ru
2 uk.wikipedia.org
3 Ганьшин В. Н. Николай Яковлевич Цингер — геодезист, астроном и картограф. — М.: 1960. — 114 с.
4 Колчинский И. Г., Корсунь А. А., Родригес М. Г. Астрономы: Биографический справочник. — Киев: Наук. думка, 1977.—416 с.- C,282
